The Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin

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PART II. APOLOGY. V. p. 47. 4th Edit. London, 1778. BY THE REV. W.B. Oft tho' thy genius, D----! 1. She descends, is received by Spring, and the Elements, 59. I. God. 97. II. Shooting Stars. Lightning. Rainbow. Twilight. Comets. Fixed Stars. Sun's Orb, 115. III. 1. Animal Incubation, 137. 2. IV. Bolognian Stone. Memnon's Harp, 173. Ignis fatuus. Fire-fly. Eagle armed with Lightning, 189. V. 1. Medusa, 209. 2. Phosphorus. Lady in Love, 223. 3. Gunpowder, 237. VI. Abyla and Calpe, 297. VII. 1. Electric kiss. Electric Shock. Fairy- rings, 335. 2. Death of Professor Richman, 371. 3. VIII. The great Egg of Night, 399. IX. Whale attacked, 421. XI. Sirius. Jupiter and Semele. Rainy Monsoons, 497. XII. Elijah on Mount-Carmel, 549. THE ECONOMY OF VEGETATION. CANTO I. l. 13. l. 26. Disperse, ye Lightnings! and, ye Mists, dissolve! l. 73. I. l. 97. See note on l. 232, of this Canto. See note on l. 462 of this Canto.] l. 101. There are likewise some apparently useless or incomplete appendages to plants and animals, which seem to shew they have gradually undergone changes from their original state; such as the stamens without anthers, and styles without stigmas of several plants, as mentioned in the note on Curcuma, Vol. II. of this work. Buffon du Cochon. l. 105. Trans. 115 II. See additional notes, No. I.] See additional notes, No. l. 119. See additional notes, No. III.] 3. 4. Traité de Chimie, Tom. Cotes's Hydrost. See additional notes, No. IV.] See additional notes, No. V.] III. See additional notes, No. VI.] l. 143. See additional notes, No. VII.] IV. See note on Barometz, Vol. II. of this work. Trans. Vol. l. 177. See the next note.] Dodsley, 1775. l. 183. See additional notes. No. l. 191. See note on Tropaeolum in Vol. II.] See additional notes, No. IX.] l. 202. Hunter. Philos. Trans. Vol. LXV. Philo. Trans. Vol. l. 208. Spence.] V. 1. 2. See note on l. 174 of this Canto.] l. 229. art. Iron, and art. See additionable notes, No. X.] 3. Biograph. Britan. Vol. I. Bacon de Secretis Operibus, Cap. XI. Judges, Chap. VII. Chamb. Dict. art. Gunpowder. VI. Engine. See additional notes, No. XI.] 2. 3. The Harp, the Lily and the Lion join, And GEORGE and BRITAIN guard the sterling coin. Plin. Hist. Nat. p. 46. Edit. Manut. Venet. See note Cassia, V. II. of this work.] 1. VII. See note on Gymnotus. l. 202, of this Canto.] See additional note, No. XIII.] (See Bennet on electricity, Johnson, Lond.) l. 358. l. 370. See additional note No. XIII.] 2. l. 373. 3. l. 383. See additional notes, No. XIII.] l. 389. Spence.] VIII. l. 401. Bacon, Vol. Quarto edit. Lond. 1778. Avibus. Bryant's Mythology, Vol. II. IX. your radiant powers, Call from their long repose the VERNAL HOURS. l. 430. The S.W. At other times the S.W. See additional note, XXXIII.] See additional notes, No. XII.] X. l. 460. See additional notes, No. XIV.] See additional note, XXXIV.] XXXV. p. 270. Ib. Tom. XXXV. p. 401. Chemical Dictionary by Mr. Keir, Art. XI. There, NYMPHS! There are many reasons to believe from the accounts of travellers and navigators, that the islands of ice in the higher northern latitudes as well as the Glaciers on the Alps continue perpetually to increase in bulk. Phil. Trans. No. 465. Sect. 2. Philos. Trans. No. 169. Treatise on Husbandry and Gardening, Vol. II. The Rio Grande, the Gambia, and the Senegal. at Gondar in Abyssinia, but it falls to 60 or 53 deg. Bruce's Travels, Vol. 3. p. 670.] XII. I. II. Paradise, or the golden Age. Venus rising from the sea, 33. III. 67. IV. Antinous. Lady Elizabeth Foster, and Lady Melbourn by Mrs. Damer. 93. V. 1. Of morasses. Salt-mines at Cracow, 115. 2. Mars and Venus caught by Vulcan, 143. 3. 4. Sea-sand. Asbestus. Fluor. Onyx, Agate, Mocho, Opal, Sapphire, Ruby, Diamond. Jupiter and Europa, 215. VI. 1. 2. VII. Slavery of Africa, 395. VIII. IX. Rocks cultivated. Hannibal passes the Alps, 499. X. XI. Death and resuscitation of Adonis, 575. THE ECONOMY OF VEGETATION. CANTO II. I. l. 14. See additional notes, No. XV. l. 17. II. l. 34. See additional notes, No. XVI. l. 35. See additional notes, No. XVI. l. 36. xvi. See note on l. 119 of this Canto.] l. 47. III. l. 68. Trans. Monthly Review, June, 1790.] l. 79. See additional notes, No. XV. l. 82. See note on Canto III. l. 61.] l. 84. IV. l. 93. See addit. notes, No. XVI.] l. 101. Damer.] See additional notes, No. 1. l. 119. Essais, &c. par M. Macquart. Ibid. See also Theorie des Sources Salees, par Mr. Struve. Tom. II. See note on Ocymum, Vol. II. of this work.] 2. l. 143. 1790. Philos. Trans. Vols. LXXV. Traité de Chimie. 3. l. 183. 2. 3. See additional notes, No. Philos. Trans. At this time the Rev. One conjecture I shall add, viz. See additional notes, No. I.] See additional notes, No. XIX.] l. 228. Observ. sur la Physique, par Rozier, Tom. XXXV. See new edition of the Translation of Cronsted, by De Costa.] l. 229. l. 204. VI. 1. See additional notes, No. XX.] l. 288. See additional notes, No. XXI.] next_. See additional notes, No. XXII.] "Whether, O Friend of Art! 2. See additional notes, No. on coal.] See note on Canto I. l. 383.] l. 383. 24.] l. 398. Scheele, 56 mem. Stock. Kirwan. Min. 353. 2. Bergman, 229. (See note on Fucus, Vol. II.) "HENCE glows, refulgent Tin! VIII. l. 478. In that vast expanse of desert, from W. to N.W. Bruce's Travels, Vol. IV. p. 553,-555. IX. l. 505. Ferber's Travels through Italy, p. 166.] X. "Go, gentle GNOMES! 565 XI. Phil. Trans. No. 475. Haller. Physiol. Tom. I, p. 2. [_Adonis_. l. 609. 3. I. 11. II. 1. Tides, 57. 2. Echinus, nautilus, pinna, cancer. 65. 3. Oil stills the waves. Coral rocks. Ship-worm, or Teredo. Maelstrome, a whirlpool on the coast of Norway. 85. III. The Tiber. 103. IV. V. 1. 2. Buxton. 157. VI. 201. VII. Aquatic Taste. Sea-horse. 261. VIII. IX. X. Child sucking. 365. XI. XII. Charities of Miss Jones, 447. XIII. 483. XIV. Showers. Dews. 529. THE ECONOMY OF VEGETATION. CANTO III. I. l. 14. See additional note No. XXV. l. 15. See note on Canto I. l. 553. l. 18. [_The blue mist_. l. 20. There are some curious remarks on shadows or reflexions seen on the surface of mists from high mountains in Ulloa's Voyages. II. l. 20. See additional notes, No. II. 1. l. 61. l. 66. See note on Canto IV. Da Costa's Conchology, p. 163. l. 67, 68. See additional notes, No. [_Pinna. Cancer_. l. 70. See additional notes, No. l. 71. See additional notes, No. l. 82. Philos. Trans. Abridg. Vol. IX. p. 110. Phil. Trans. Vol. and LXV. l. 84. 85 3. l. 87. See additional notes, No. XXIX.] l. 90. Phil. Trans. Vol. L. LII. l. 91. See additional notes, No. XXX.] l 93. See additional notes, No. XXXI.] III. See additional notes, No. Treatise on Building in Water, by G. Semple. Trans. Vol. LXXV. p. 1. Phil. Trans. Vol. Lond. Lane.] IV. See additional notes, No. XXV. winds and the S.W. l. 138. l. 150. II.] 2. l. 166. II. [_And sob, their blue eyes_. VI. l. 204. l. 222. Bacon.] Virg. Georg. Lib. II. l. VII. VIII. l. 308. IX. 365 X. what avails the cradle's damask roof, The eider bolster, and embroider'd woof!-- Oft hears the gilded couch unpity'd plains, 390 And many a tear the tassel'd cushion stains! what avails_. XI. l. 406. 2d. edit. Vol. I. p. 222.] "Where were ye, NYMPHS! [Footnote: _Woodmason, Molesworth_. XII. See note on l. 20 of this Canto.] See note on l. 15 of this Canto.] See note on l. 18 of this Canto.] l. 460. There are muscles placed about the footstalks of the leaves or leaflets of many plants, for the purpose of closing their upper surfaces together, or of bending them down so as to shoot off the showers or dew-drops, as mentioned in the preceeding note. 1st. 2. See note on Chondrilla, Vol. II. of this work. XIII. Dict. par M. Danet.] XIV. l. 540. Monsoons. N.E. and S.W. winds. Land and sea breezes. 9. II. 25. III. 1. Syroc. Simoom. Tornado. 63. 2. Fog. Contagion. Love and Death. 79. IV. 1. Air-pump. 127. 2. Icarus. 143. 165. VI. Sea-balloons, or houses constructed to move under the sea. 195. VII. 233. VIII. 263. IX. 1. 305. 2. X. 1. 351. 2. Seeds within seeds, and bulbs within bulbs. 381. 3. 409. XI. The petals, style, anthers, prolific dust. 441. XII. 1. 461. 2. Ingrafting. 477. XIII. 1. Insects on trees. 491. 2. 511. XIV. 1. Amaryllis, fritillary, erythrina, mimosa, cerea. 523. 2. Vines. Oranges. Diana's trees. The royal family. 541. XV. 587. 629. THE ECONOMY OF VEGETATION. CANTO IV. l. 2. I. l. 9. See additional notes, No. 25 II. l. 34. See note on Canto I. l. 401.] l. 48. Vol II. p. 82.] l. 60. Lucret.] III. 1. l. 65. I saw from the S.E. Bruce's Travels. Vol. IV. II. of this work; it must here be added, that Professor Vairo at Naples found, that during the eruption of Vesuvius perpendicular iron bars were electric; and others have observed suffocating damps to attend these eruptions. Ferber's Travels in Italy, p. 133. See Note on l. 294 of this Canto.] l. 71. See additional notes, No. 2. l. 82. l. 91. He remained uninfected, and she recovered, and was married to him. Cur. Ann. II. Obs. 188.] IV. 1. Trans. Vol. See additional notes, No. VII. 2. l. 166. octavo, Johnson, London.) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ess. Vol. 2. 3. l. 178. Bacon's Works, Vol. 4to. Lond. 1778. "Led by the Sage, Lo! See additional notes, No. See note on Ulva, Vol. II. of this work. "VII. VIII. Analytical Review for February, 1790. Vol. I. p. 61. Travels in Egypt, Vol. I. p. 303. 305 IX. 1. Oh, SYLPHS! l. 308. to S.W. winds bring frost, and the S.W. 2. See additional notes, No. X. 1. --Roll on, YE STARS! Phil. Trans. Vol. LXXV.] l. 377. p. 189.] 2. l. 383. Acad. Scien. Chamb. Dict. art. Bud. Microsc. Vol. Vol. I. p. 103. Vol. I. p. 91. Sept. 16. Amaen. Aced. Vol. VI.] l. 406. See note on Canto I. l. l. 408. Traité de Chymie par M. Lavoisier, Tom. I. p. 202.] 3. "Come, YE SOFT SYLPHS! See additional notes, No. 8.) Hist. Ann. See note on Nimosa, Vol. II.] XI. "Come, YE SOFT SYLPHS! Sept. 16. See additional notes, No. l. 458. 10.] XII. 1. [_Wound them, ye Sylphs!_ l. 463. Bradley on Gardening, Vol. II. Phil. Trans. Ann. Paris, Ann. p. 6. edit. 14.] 2. Bradley, Vol. II. Vol. II.) XIII. 1. l. 505. System Nature, Tom. M. Lonvilliers de Poincy, (Histoire Nat. des Antilles, Cap. xiv. art. III.) See note on lonicera in the next poem. White's Hist. Dict. Raison. art. Siegle. Philosop. Transact.] XIV. I. l. 538. 2. [_Diana's trees_, l. 552. 1. 2. 3. XV. "Oh, wave, HYGEIA! Bolognian stone. Its power. A new kind of it. Abyla and Calpe. Their origin. Destroys succulent plants, not resinous ones. Paradise. Its ocean is frozen. Marble. Antinous. Apollo. Venus. In cubes. Its magnetism. How produced. Its base in part from the old world, and in part from the new. They absorb air. Snow. Some contain azotic gas, which contributes to produce nitre. Source of azote. Of Oxygene. Described. Pith. Fly-ophris. 2. Phil. Tran. Vol. There are no apparent clouds to emit or to attract them, because the constituent parts of these aero-aqueous regions may possess an abundance or deficiency of electric matter and yet be in perfect reciprocal solution. 3. Philos. Trans. Vol. LI. Philos. Trans. Vol. 1. 2. Phil. Trans. Vol. LXXV. 2. 3. See note on Canto II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Philos. Trans. Vol. Colours are produced from clouds or mists by refraction, as well as by reflection. Philos. Trans. No. 347. Essays. Trans. Phil. Trans. Vol. Phil. Trans. There are many arguments in support of this opinion, 1. 2. Phil. Trans. Vol. LXIX. p. 488. 3. See note on Fucus in Vol. II. 4. 5. 6. Trans. Vol. LI. 7. Phil. Trans. Vol. LXV. Ibid. 8. I. Trans. Vol. LII. Trans. Vol. II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1787, Elmsly. London. There are however methods by which either a rotative or alternating motion may be produced by very moderate degrees of heat. There are eighteen species of Lampyris or glow-worm, according to Linneus, some of which are found in almost every part of the world. See note on Phosphorus, No. X. See note on Phosphorus No. X. See note on Beccari's shells. l. 180. See note XXXIV. Bradley, Vol. II. Phil. Trans. 1. 2. See note on Muschus, Vol. II. of this work. Trans. Vol. II. p. 3. Phil. Bot p. 39. Bulb. See note on orchis, and on anthoxanthum, in Vol. II. of this work. CANTO II. l. 14. Trans. 1. 2. 3. 4. And old ones vanish. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2. There are other circumstances which might have concurred at the time of such supposed explosions, which would render this idea not impossible. 1. 2. 3. CANTO II. l. 34. Cook. There are other soft calcareous stones called tupha which are deposited from water on mosses, as at Matlock, from which moss it is probable the water may receive something which induces it the readier to part with its earth. Edinb. Transact. Vol. I. Vol. p. 22. CANTO II. Philos. Trans. No. 330. Abridg. Vol. 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. See note XIX. XX. l. 191. Traité de Chimie, per Lavoisier, c. iii. STEEL. (Nicholson's Chemistry, p. Keir's Chemical Dictionary. l. 398. Edinb. Transact. Vol. 1. SILICEOUS ROCKS. 2. SILICEOUS TREES. The bed on which they rest is about an inch in thickness, and is stained with iron on its undersurface. Opusc. de Terrâ Siliceâ, p. 33. 3. AGATES, ONYXES, SCOTS-PEBBLES. Edinb. Transact. Vol. II. p. 23. Edinb. Transact. Vol. 4. SAND OF THE SEA. 5. CHERT, OR PETROSILEX. Ferber's Travels in Italy, p. 42. 6. 7. 8. Transact. Vol. LXXX.) l. 277. 1. 2. Edinb. Transact. Vol. I. 3. Travels in Italy, p. 156. There are differences, both in the Chinese petuntses, and the English moorstones; all of them contain micaceous and quartzy particles, in greater or less quantity, along with feltspat, which last is the essential ingredient for the porcelain manufactory. Divine Legation, Vol. Aen. Lib. X. Vol. 1. Vol. I. p. 280, and p. 272. Aen. VI. Aen. VI. 2. VI. Ib. Div. Legat. Vol. v. 10. Quarto edit. Lond. 1778. Bryant's Mythology, Vol II. edit. Admir. Roman. Antiq. from earth to Elysium, and yet all the figures are in reality on an horizontal one. He was the first that came out of the great egg of night, (Hesiod. Theog. V. CXX. Vol. II. p. and is said to possess the keys of the sky, sea, and earth. Vol. III. Quarto edit. Vol. II. p. 386.) VI. Polymet. 3. Div. Leg. Vol. Sat. VI. Div. Leg. Vol. I. p. 177. Apuleus, p. 64. Div. Leg. Vol. Samuel i. 3. Vol. II. Dict. par M. Danet, art. Atis. Museo. Tom. IV. p. 402. In the Museum Etruscum, Vol. Admir. Roman. Antiq. July, 1788. There are many interesting circumstances attending the situation and accompaniments of this fountain of fossil tar, tending to develop the manner of its production. 1. There are appearances in other places, which favour this idea of the natural distillation of petroleum, thus at Matlock in Derbyshire a hard bitumen is found adhering to the spar in the clefts of the lime-rocks in the form of round drops about the size of peas; which could perhaps only be deposited there in that form by sublimation. 2. of Edinb. Vol. I. Phil. Trans. Abridg. Vol. VI. 3. Phil. Trans. No. Vol. (Dict. Raisonné, art. Keir's Chemical Dictionary, art. Bitumen. 4. 1. Soil 1 foot. coal 4. warrant clay, depth unknown. in all about 55 yards. 2. in all about 61 yards. 3. 4. See note XX. Trans. Vol. LXXX. See note XIX. art. 8. and all the five primitive earths, viz. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. l. 13. I. 2. 3. 4. II. 1. Thus if a region of air is brought from a warmer climate, as the S.W. 2. wind below; or the reverse of this, viz. of Edinburgh, Vol. I, and seems to arise from this circumstance; the particles of air of the N.E. 3. See note VII. See note VII. Trans. Vol. 4. 5. CANTO III. l. 19. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. There are however subterraneous streams of water not exactly produced in this manner, as streams issuing from fissures in the earth, communicating with the craters of old volcanoes; in the Peak of Derbyshire are many hollows, called swallows, where the land floods sink into the earth, and come out at some miles distant, as at Ilam near Ashborne. See note on Fica, Vol. II. For the origin of warm springs see note on Fucus, Vol. II. CANTO III. l. 67. I. p. art. Oursin. de mer. Plin. IX. 29. Syst. Exper. See Note on Ulva, Vol. II. Amoen. Academ. Vol. II. p. 48. Lin. Syst. Nat. Vol. I. p. 1159, and p. 1040. Dict. l. 71. The Sturgeon, _Acipenser, Strurio._ Lin. Syst. Nat. Vol. l. 87. See Additional Note, No. XIII. and Note on Fucus, Vol. II. l. 91. Nat. l. 93. II. p. II.) Academ. Vol. I. No. 48. l. 15. II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Chemical Essays by R. Watson, Vol. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. See Note on Canto III. 2. 3. CONCLUSION. 1. There are various irregular winds besides those above described, which consist of horizontal or vertical eddies of air owing to the inequality of the earth's surface, or the juxtaposition of the sea. and XXV. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. INSTRUMENTS. 1. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. _Dec. _Dec. _Dec. See note XXV. 30_, in the same year, it was at 28 2-tenths. Medical Essays, Edinburgh, Vol. II. p. 7. II. 1. 2. 3. l. 34. Trans. Vol. II. from azote. VI. Exper. on Air, Vol. III. CANTO IV. Phil. Bot. Lond. Baldwin.) 2. 3. 4. 6. I. See Grew, Plate 51. II. Veget. Stat. p. 102. I. Stat. p. 30. I. 2. 3. 4. 5. Of aquatic leaves, see Note on Trapa and on Fucus, in Vol. II. 6. 7. Monro's Physiology of Fish, p. 19. II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. At this time also the powder of the anthers was visible, but glued fast to their summits. The foregoing observations evince, 1. 2. That they remain for some time solid, and then a cavity containing a liquid is formed in them. 3. 4. II. Tom. VIII. p. 94. to Spalanzani, Oevres Philos. l. 503. (Antholog. p. 49.) There are parts of animal bodies, which do not require oxygenated blood for the purpose of their secretions, as the liver; which for the production of bile takes its blood from the mesenteric veins, after it must have lost the whole or a great part of its oxygenation, which it had acquired in its passage through the lungs. No. XIII. There are four strata of the atmosphere, and four kinds of meteors. 1. Lightning is electric, exists in visible clouds, its short course, and red light. 2. 3. 4. NOTE VII ... NOTE XII ... FROST. 1. 2. NOTE XV ... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. NOTE XXIV ... GRANITE. NOTE XXV ... I. 2. 3. 4. II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. WINDS. Not from its loss of moisture; 3. NOTE XXXV ... Glands; 5. II. I. Leaves not perspiratory organs, nor excretory ones; lungs of animals. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.