Juan Manuel de la Matta; Manila,
February 25, 1843 91
The Philippines, 1860-1898: some comment and
bibliographical notes. José Rizal; Tondo,
July 3, 1892 217
The friar memorial of 1898. Manuel Gutierrez, O.S.A.,
and others; Manila, April 21, 1898 227
Bibliographical Data 287
Appendix: Agriculture in Filipinas. He treats only
of the first and third. Their only concern is to hold possession of the
government posts, but they are lazy and ignorant. Mas favors
the system of indentured servants, for self-interest will dictate
good treatment to them. The latter are becoming arrogant
and impudent, and will end by driving out the Spaniards. Mas would
require a distinctive dress for the natives, the chiefs to be the
only ones who may wear jackets. Offices should not be given in order that their
incumbents may amass money. The latter are the richer
and more intelligent, and in case of emancipation at this moment would
soon gain the upper hand. It is advisable
to watch the intercourse between foreigners living in the islands and
the natives. To effect the last, dowries should be paid
to the women in all crossed marriages. Mas favors
emancipation. Agriculture is the main support of the islands, and must be
developed by the whites, mestizos, and Chinese, who will support the
government, and thus offset the immense numbers of the natives. The second part is
written in the same spirit, but in notes and titles gives the student
full material for the study of the modern era. That the friars are the cause of the insurrection, they
indignantly deny. Anthony Huonder, S.J., Luxembourg, Europe. The Editors
June, 1907. Juan Manuel de la Matta; February 25, 1843. José Rizal; July 3, 1892. Manuel Gutierrez, O.S.A., and others;
April 21, 1898. [1] Volume III. Madrid, January, 1843. To resolve upon emancipation, and prepare the colony for giving it
freedom. I shall treat, then, only of the first and last. It is advisable
to reduce the Spanish-Filipino [4] population to the least possible
number. 2d. 3rd. 1st. It is advisable to reduce the population, etc. This contempt,
Mas illustrates by two examples, of which he was an eyewitness. On a basis of three passages for each family,
the cost would be only 450 pesos. This idea
is highly absurd, no doubt. And this, only because
of the rapid increase in population! One hundred years
ago, this same quiñon could be bought for fifty." 2d. Again the
religious have no ties, and hence their only care is their church
and their duty. This letter is highly laudatory of the friars, who spare
no pains to fulfil their duties. In
consequence, the government now wishes to replace the native clergy
by the Recollects. The convent in Filipinas has no cloister, as
it is a parochial house. Two left during the term of General Lardizabal,
taking a large amount with them. You are not so necessary. I., pp. He goes to the cura weeping, and tells
him that he has no money. The members of the village
ayuntamientos are not accustomed to rise when a Spaniard enters the
town hall, and even laugh at them; and should the Spaniard grow angry
and strike any of them, complaint is forthwith made to the governor,
who punishes the Spaniard. In Manila, the natives are insolent. "Before the justice, the Spaniards and the Filipinos are
equal." The latter, however, get better treatment from the governors,
who have even punished provincial governors severely, while they have
treated the natives with clemency. Place them
in the way of rights, and they will not pay until driving us from
their soil." In
the colony, there must be no noble blood except the Spanish. If the
offense is verbal, the punishment shall be decreased in proportion to
the case. Better salaries are paid in
the Philippines than in Spain, but this is necessary. Theaters for both natives
and mestizos, where they can rival and ridicule each other will be
helpful. If the British do not object, men might even be enlisted
cheaply in India. 3rd. For instance, one lasting for years was formulated in
regard to an expedition against the Moro pirates. Besides,
the governor has the armed force at his disposal. They can rise now only to
captain, and some of them are even now angry. The members of the regency shall be jurisconsults, owners of estates,
or military men, and the regularly-appointed president shall always be
a grandee of España. This
centralization has many advantages, a very chief one being the
economic. It can easily turn over to other ministries what primarily
concerns them, and work in harmony with them. For instance it would
not elect bishops, but would determine their number and salary.] The
treasury has been continually exhausted for years, and has drawn on
the obras pías. All that is taken there from Cadiz
consists of a little paper, oil, and liquors. They found anarchy and despotism there, and
established order and justice. They ruled their inhabitants with
laws, and just laws. In regard to the military defense of the country,
conditions are as bad. Such reforms are:]
1st. 2d. 3rd. 4th. The free press,
in which all things are bruited, is also of great use. 5th. 2d. They would be under the alcaldes-in-ordinary, and paid
from the municipal funds.] 3rd. Agriculture is the best occupation for the whites, and
is in fact the only one that will give a good comfortable living. Vacancies in
the ranks should always be filled with recruits from Spain, and never
with natives. 4th. 5th and last. The members of the
religious orders constituted the largest numerically, as well as the
most influential, element of Spaniards in the Philippines. Besides the general references upon the Spanish customs
tariffs, one will find in Senate Document no. iv of Report of the Philippine
Commission, 1900. In vol. 680-711, and xvii, pp. Naturally, no estimate was
included of the value of the forced-labor levy. War
Dept., 1900, i, part 10), pp. 17-20. 190,
56th Congress, 2nd session. "Assimilation." Till after 1880, the "Filipino cause" was in hiding. Regional
feeling was still strong, but it was beginning to break down. The latter
started the first Filipino periodical of consequence, La Solidaridad,
and published eighteen numbers of it at Barcelona up to October 31,
1889, when Del Pilar took charge of it, transferred it to Madrid and
edited it there as a fortnightly till 1895. And, in the course of events,
it was Rizal who proved the soberer, the more mature as time went
by. It appears certain that this was done with the idea
definitely in view of being able thus to propagate liberal political
ideas and secretly distribute such literature among the Filipinos,
also the more easily to raise funds for the work. 25.) 1897 (Madrid, 1898.) 3, pp. Antes
y despues. (Madrid, 1904.) Of little value. Deception, ridicule, death, and bitterness. With
Spain or without Spain, they would be always the same, and perhaps,
perhaps, they would be worse. And they would
be so without doubt, for he loves tyranny who submits to it." Police
regulations were made, and bodies of police created. Agriculture received attention (see post, appendix on
agriculture). XLV, pp. 163-165) were distinctly in favor
of the natives, but were never carried out. 2. 3. 4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce. 5. Motto: Unus instar omnium [i.e., one like all.] 2. Each Council shall consist of a Chief, a Fiscal, a Treasurer,
a Secretary, and members. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2. 3. 4. 5. In all walks of life, preference shall be given to the
members. Circumstances being equal, the member shall always be
favored. 6. The member who does not help another member in the case of need
or danger, although able to do so, shall be punished, and at least
the same penalty suffered by the other shall be imposed on him. 7. 8. 9. 2. 3. He shall study and remedy the necessities of the Liga Filipina,
of the Provincial Council, or of the Popular Council, according as
he is Supreme Chief, Provincial Chief, or Popular Chief. 4. 5. 6. 7. He shall see to the very last member, the personification of the
entire Liga Filipina. 8. 2. 3. 4. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. At each meeting he shall keep a record of proceedings, and shall
announce what is to be done. 2. Every member has a right to the moral, material, and pecuniary
aid of his Council and of the Liga Filipina. 2. 3. In any want, injury, or injustice, the member may invoke the whole
aid of the Liga Filipina. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 2. The member or his son, who while not having means, shall show
application and great capacities shall be sustained. 2. 3. The member who shall have suffered loss shall be aided. 4. 5. 6. 2. Offices shall end every two years, except when there is an
accusation by the Fiscal. 3. 4. The members shall elect the Popular Chief, the Popular Fiscal,
and the Popular Treasurer. 5. 6. 7. 8. Here we have our history, our glories, the ancestral
house, so to speak, of our family. Then let us petition
their expulsion, and their disappearance in one way or another. If
we do not succeed in it, let us destroy them. Undoubtedly so, but it was not now advisable for them
to declare it. Most vainly do they wrong us, we shall add,
in respect to the accusations that they direct against us. (1
Peter ii, 15.) (2 Cor. iv, 2.) Regarding the sanctity of their private life. Our
convents, our ministries, our persons, are in sight of all. Whatever we say, do, or neglect to do, is seen and spied
by all the people. Our honor, our reputation rests
in their hands. Fundamental causes of the insurrection, and who are to blame for
it. But
indeed we must be the defenders of the rights of the Church, and of
the regular clergy. One must recognize them in all their integrity and
purity, such as our holy Mother, the Church, makes them known. (Law i, tít. i, book ii
and law viii, tít. ii, book ii of Recopilación de Indias.) Very expressive also to the question in hand is law lxv, tít. xiv,
book i of the same Recopilación. (Colec. de Doc. Inéd. de Ultramar, ii, p. 188.) vi, law lxii, and tít. For all, there is indulgence, for all, excuse, for
all kindness and the eyes of charity. They live
under its safeguard, as do the military and civil entities. Synthesis of the same. Should we go elsewhere, there, by the grace of God,
we shall also be able to fulfil our duty. [215]
Manila, April 21, 1898. Fray Manuel Gutierrez, provincial of the Augustinians. Fray Gilberto Martin, commissary-provincial of the Franciscans. Fray Cándido Garcia Valles, vice-provincial of the Dominicans. Pio Pí, S.J., superior of the mission of the Society of Jesus. Notice. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 172-178,
from a copy belonging to the Editors. Besides this, I have in the same manner heard of the unjust and vile
bargains which the usurers make in regard to the cultivated lands,
and even the trees which the farmers cultivate in their gardens, and
their houses, binding them with the agreement of retrovendendi, [218]
as it is commonly called, exacting from him who is bound--sometimes
for many years, and sometimes forever--the produce and the ownership
[of those possessions], for a small amount which the lender has
furnished. Besides this, the inhabitants of all the islands ought to have
understood that the lands which they obtained are all royal [realengas]
or communal, with the exception of those which they possess through
inheritance, or through legitimate purchase from the native chiefs
[caciques] who were cultivating them at the time when the Catholic
faith was established in Filipinas, and when they rendered fidelity,
obedience, and vassalage to the august Spanish monarchs; and of those
which were purchased from his Majesty with title of ownership from
the royal Audiencia. In regard to this matter, and with observation
and knowledge of the injuries connected with it, this chief executive
(having been actually present in this, province of Pampanga, and in
the others that have been named) likewise ordains that the house and
house-lot cannot be seized from any debtor, of whatever class he may
be, as is commonly done--leaving in the street, and exposed to beggary
and other evils, a multitude of Indians who perhaps would again be
self-supporting, if they could have recourse to their own sheltering
roof (which hardly would be worth as much as ten pesos), and the trees
which they enjoyed on their own land. In regard to the repartimientos of people for the royal works,
which are constructed in the provinces near Manila, as also in
regard to the domestic servants [tanores], and other people who are
assigned for work on the churches, government buildings, and jails,
and guards [bantayes], etc., various regulations have been made;
but, knowing that these are not sufficient to uproot so many wrongs,
injuries and oppressions as the Indians suffer from the magistrates
of their villages, and from the heads of barangay--making the villages
contribute a greater number of people than is needed and required, and
exempting from their turn of service those who should render it (both
of these proceedings serving to defraud the poor, who, in order not to
leave their grain fields, yield whatever the magistrates and chiefs
ask from them, according to their caprice and the extent of their
greed)--it is ordained and commanded that both these repartimientos
be carried out with the knowledge and consent of the parish curas. 303-306.] Besides the difficulty of acquiring large
possessions, still others exist. Agriculture,
like every other occupation, needs no protection save clearness and
security in its essential conditions of life. October 19--Wool, silk, and shellac [goma laca] are produced
in Cebú. Cottonseed sown in
Antique, using seed from Pernambuco. Wild cha [i.e., tea]
found in abundance in the island of Masbate. These references
here follow: Comyn, Estado, pp. ); Mallat, Les Philippines,
ii, pp. 255-282; Buzeta and Bravo, Diccionario, i, pp. Cf. iii. P. 275, note 201: For "inflicted" read "afflicted." (Moses,
Spanish Rule in America, p. 68.) P. 300, in address of letter: For "Cel." read "Ces." ined. hist. de España,
tom. P. 75: To list of translators add, "the ninth, by Francis W. Snow." P. 83, line 16: For "Lepuzcua" read "Guipuzcoa." P. 84, line 4 from end: For "buttock-timbers" read "futtock-timbers." P. 115, line 9: For "Panay" read "Panaon." P. 126, line 12 (and in many similar cases): The word "painted" is
the literal translation of the Spanish pintado, and here refers to
the custom of tattooing the body. P. 167, line 7 from end: For "novelty" read "innovations." P. 193, middle: For "cloths" read "canvas." P. 197, line 1: Bancroft (Hist. P. 220, line 8 in heading: For "PRONE-" read "PROUE-." P. 237, middle: For "officers" read "artisans." P. 276, line 5: For "by" read "with." P. 332, paragraph 2: For "leg. 1, 23" read "leg. 1/23." (Moses, Spanish Rule in America, pp. 64, 65.) P. 33, note 1: For "Spain" read "Nueva España." P. 113, line 3: For "seventy" read "sixty-eight." P. 118, line 5 from end: For "twenty-eight" read "eighteenth." P. 223, note 73: For "pp. VOLUME IV
Pp. XXVII,
p. 105, note 39. copies." P. 205, line 9 from end: For "Pablo" read "Pedro." The same correction
should be made on p. 247, line 13 from end. P. 284, line 9: For "up" read "above." de Mindanao y Joló, which has been used frequently
in this series. His descriptions of the latter are thus located in
his book: the tribes, cols. Cf. P. 289, last line: For "an" read "on." P. 320, line 2 from end: For "forty MSS." ("Theatins" is here used for "Jesuits," as explained
in VOL. XIX, p. 64.) P. 39: Cf. VIII, pp. P. 43, line 1: This should read "There are more than thirty
encomenderos." End of line 7: For "treasury," read "revenue." P. 49, line 6: For "other" read "except two of the." P. 51, line 4: For "Cavigava" read "Carigara." P. 55, line 4: For "well-disposed" read "shrewd traders." P. 57, line 1: For "seen" read "discovered." P. 65, line 2 from end: This is a line of type set in here by mistake;
for it read "belongs to an encomendero in the." P. 71, line 12 from top of page: After dash insert "and." P. 73, line 13: For "cocoa-beans" read "cacao-beans." In next
paragraph: For "mats--the latter from rushes" read "petates, which
are mats." P. 77, line 11: For "wheat and produce" read "grain and collect." P. 83, line 4: For "monks" read "friars." P. 95, line 8 from end: For "dependencies" read "lands belonging
to it." P. 113, line 2 from end: For "returning from" read "in the direction
of." P. 117, line 4: For "no" read "hardly any." P. 118, line 8: For "ouo" read "uno." P. 201, note: For "Sevillano" read "of Sevilla." Cf. Let your
Majesty." P. 249, line 11 from end: For "will" read "should." P. 258, note 37. P. 263, lines 9, 10, 13: For "from" read "in regard to." P. 287, section 37, line 1: For "inability" read "disability." P. 289, near middle: For "remit" read "refer." P. 291, line 5: For "machinery" read "industries." P. 305, section 103: For "when they exact" read "that they may exact." P. 307, section 113: For "receive" read "levy." VOLUME VI
P. 78, note 18: Omit words in parentheses. Line 3: For "for" read
"from." P. 154, middle: For "river Madre" read "the waters of the river." P. 167, line 8 from end: Delete "[Siam]." (Jagor, Reisen, p. 236.) P. 197, line 4: For "Felipe II" read "Council of Indias." P. 207, note 32: After "king" add "or the fiscal." (Note.) P. 84, line 1: For "Cubao" read "Lubao." P. 121, last line: For "Aguette" read "Aguetet." Pp. 127, 133: See VOL. XXII, pp. Cf. VOL. xxiii, p. 80. P. 263, line 5 from end: This name should be Basil Hall Chamberlain. VOLUME IX
P. 13, line 10 from end: For "he" read "Dasmariñas." In Imprenta en Filipinas, cols. P. 77, line 3: After "friend" add "and I have had an embassy from him." (Vindel, Catálogo, no. P. 164, note 26: After "Sanscrit" add "Sri Ayuddhya." 51. 81, 82." (A similar
correction should be made on p. 313, line 5.) 67, caj. 6, leg. 18)." P. 65, line 8: For "Lanao" read "Liguasan." P. 275, middle: For "twelfth" read "tenth." 10-17). P. 270, middle: For "Babao" read "Ybabao." P. 288, end: Add "Signed by the Council." VOLUME XII
P. 109, note 20, and p. 120, note 24: For explanation of this use of
"Theatin" see VOL. XIX, p. 64. P. 131, paragraph 2, line 3: For "him" read "you." P. 165, middle: For "Rajaniora" read "Rajamora." P. 179, last line of note: For "Herrara" read "Herrera." P. 182, line 4 from end of note: Before "Tabacos" insert "de." P. 205, note: For "Paro" read "Jaro." Pp. P. 256, line 9: For "lagoon" read "lake." 70-72)." VOLUME XIII
P. 68, line 10: For "cane" read "bamboo." P. 248, line 8 from end: For "third" read "second." P. 257, note, line 2 from end: For "Spain" read "Nueva España." P. 197, line 3: For "Biebengud" read "Bienbengud." P. 280, line 4 from end: For "July 29" read "July 25." The same
correction should be made on p. 6, line 8 from end; p. 241, line 7. (Vindel, Catálogo, iii, p. 205.) 1). P. 160, note, line 7 from end: For "in regard to" read "by." XXII, p. 279, and XLIV, p. 267. 30-22). P. 126, line 4 from end of note: For "invention" read "finding." P. 136, note 40: For "grograin" read "grogram." P. 150, end: The date of this document is September 5, not 9. 383-405;" the same correction should be made on p. 282, under
no. 14. XXXVII, p. 24. Cf. Diaz's Conquistas, p. 673. Later, such property
was forfeited, if unclaimed for two years. 106, 107.) (Torrubía, Dissertación,
pp. 30, 31.) VOLUME XIX
P. 206, line 3: For "ovens" read "furnaces." P. 307, middle: For "done in silk and unwoven silver," read "not woven,
done in silk and silver [thread]." VOLUME XX
P. 75, line 6 from end: For "July 21" read "July 31." The same
correction is needed for p. 5, line 8. VOLUME XXI
Pp. P. 105, line 6: For "October 3" read "October 8." VOLUME XXII
P. 30: At end of note insert after "See" the words "Lea's Moriscos
of Spain (Philadelphia, 1901), and." William Campbell, an English Presbyterian missionary in
Formosa. Pp. VOLUME XXIV
P. 340, last line: For "113" read "13." In regard to the phrase contador de resultas, I have obtained (through
the kindness of Fenton R. McCreery, secretary of the American Embassy
at Mexico City) some further information, furnished by Señor José
Algara, Under-secretary for Foreign Affairs of Mexico. 1). P. 99, line 3 from end of text: For "thirty-five" read
"thirty-eight." The same correction should be made on p. 5, line 5
from end. LII pp. 296, 297. P. 269, middle: For "bienzos" read "lienzos." P. 122, middle: The peso ensayado was, according to Lea (Hist. (Moses, Spanish Rule in America,
p. 265.) ), p. 35. T. C. Middleton,
O.S.A. The
stronghold of the Moros, after Joló was destroyed, was at Maibun, a
town on the southern shore. Mindanao y Joló, cols. 14-19. See also Escosura's Memoria
sobre Filipinas y Joló, pp. P. 130, art. 564, line 1: For the second "province" read "convent." I, note 67. vi,
tít. i, ley xviii (1550); lib. i, tít. P. 218, end of paragraph 1: Viana (Respuestas, fol. J. P. 349, line 3: The volume-number should be "i," not "ii." The same
correction should be made on p. 370, last line. P. 368, line 6: For "brothers" read "sisters." VOLUME XXIX
P. 104, line 8 from end: After "taken." add "[Madrid, March 15, 1638.]" VOLUME XXX
P. 54, note, lines 6-8 from end: It is only fair to the Duke de
Almodovar to explain the reasons for his treatment of Raynal's
work; they are thus given by José Arias y Miranda, in his Examen
crítico-histórico del influjo que tuvo en el comercio, industria
y población de España su dominación en América ("a work crowned
by the Real Academia de la Historia, and published by that body,
at Madrid, 1854"), an interesting and well-written study of that
subject, with learned and valuable annotations and much reference to
standard authorities: "In regard to the famous history of Abbé Raynal,
although it abounds in flights of imagination, in philosophical ideas,
and in passionate and declamatory judgments, it has merited general
acceptance on account of the information it contains and the notable
indications of penetration and genius which are revealed in it. Cf. note on caballería, VOL. XLVII, p. 199. VOLUME XXXIII
P. 27, line 1: For "Venetia" read "Vicenza;" p. 273, note 1, line 2,
and p. 274, line 11, for "Venice," "Vicenza;" and p. 274, line 21
from end, for "Venetian," "Vicentine." VOLUME XXXIV
P. 160, note 541, line 1: For "loony" read "loory." VOLUME XXXV
P. 226, note 60: This note is a lapsus calami, as may be seen by the
date of the earthquake mentioned therein. VOLUME XXXVII
P. 274, note, line 10 from end: For "fifty-five" read "sixty-five." VOLUME XXXVIII
P. 79, note 41: Veitia Linage's Norte de contratación was Englished
(but with numerous omissions and additions) by Captain John Stevens,
as Spanish Rule of Trade to the West Indies (London, 1702). 95.) VOLUME XXXIX
P. 33, note 5: Cf. the account given by Forrest (Voyage,
pp. P. 97, line 4 of note: For "inhabited" read "uninhabited." Jagor
cites (Reisen, pp. Regarding these islands, see Montero y Vidal's Hist. de
Filipinas, i, pp. P. 72, line 3: For "Dampier" read "Cowley?" (See also our VOL. XXXIX,
p. 115, note.) I am
a naturalized American citizen, and was born in a Christian home in
Lebanon, Syria." He is now connected with the Bureau of Science at
Manila, Division of Ethnology. (Vindel, Catálogo, iii, no. 2622.) ],
and nine maravedís more for a municipal tax. (Arias y Miranda, Examen crítico-histórico, pp. 154, 155.) P. 267, note 78, line 7 from end: For "p. 278" read "p. 279." XLVII, p. 119,
paragraph 1 of note. 798.) Pp. (Viana, Respuestas, fol. 91.) 645. P. 309, note 185, line 4: For "of" read "on." VOLUME L
Pp. J. (Ayer
library), v, pp. Le Gentil, Voyage, ii, pp. Comyn, Estado, pp. Mas, Informe, ii, fourth and fifth
sections. Buzeta and Bravo, Diccionario, i, pp. Mallat,
Les Philippines, ii, pp. Jagor,
Reisen, pp. Retana, articles in Política de España en Filipinas,
1891, pp. 27, 28; for 1893,
pp. 8, 9, 77, 78. Census of Philippine Islands, iv,
pp. Cf. NOTES
[1] This is Sinibaldo de Mas, a noted Spanish traveler and diplomat. After his return to the Peninsula, he was appointed Spanish
minister plenipotentiary to China. encic. Hisp.-Amer., xii, p. 537. Population. Animals. Climate. Minerals. Topography. II. Languages. Agriculture. Industry. Public instruction. Ecclesiastical
condition. Army. Navy. Vol. ii, a map of the
archipelago. See Dic. encic. Hisp.-Amer., v, p. 827. Retána (Bibliografía, p. 57) says that Camba
was a democrat sui generis. LI, pp. 47, 48. [8] See post, pp. 92, 93, note 37. [9] See post, pp. 91-111, the report by Matta. Orders were then
issued for the arrest of Apolinario de Santa Cruz, but he fled. (Note
by Mas.) i, in the chapter on population. XL, pp. He died at the episcopal palace, Nov. 13, 1861. See Dic. encic. Hisp.-Amer., iv, p. 330. According to Agius (Memoria, doc. Mestizos who, like the natives, cultivate the soil with their
own hands, also pay only as the latter do. "A law issued Nov. 3, 1863 (Legis. ultramar [compiled by Rodriguez
S. Pedro, pub. But
this law was not put into execution, and Europeans are free from all
imposts. (Jagor,
Reisen, pp. [21] See VOL. LI, notes 6, 7, 14, 16, 31. i,
pp. See Montero y Vidal, Historia
general, ii, pp. 311, 312. [25] For the powers of the alcaldes-mayor, see VOL. XVII, pp. 323,
324, and 333, 334. See
Retana's Bibliografia filipina, pp. 54, 55 (the title to the first
document is made by Retana). See Montero y Vidal, Hist. gen., ii, pp. 457, 521. The receipts were 11,528,178 pesos. The duties of the ministry are outlined
as follows: to modify the organization or administrational régime
of the colonies; to fix or change the annual budget of receipts and
expenditures; to dispose of the surplus products of the colonies; to
adopt any rule relative to the establishment or suppression of imposts;
to propose persons for the offices of governor and captain-general,
intendants, and regents of the Audiencia; to grant titles, etc.,
to persons in the colonies; to adopt any measure affecting the
exterior regimen of the Church or the royal patronage; to decide any
serious matter according to the judgment of the minister; to draw
up preparatory measures of resolutions allowing expenses or advances
of funds by the public treasury of the Peninsula, which resolutions
belong to the ministry of the treasury; to transmit communications of
the ministers of state, war, and navy, to the authorities of those
provinces, and the communications of the latter to the respective
ministers. See Dic. encic. Hisp.-Amer., xiii, pp. 131, 132. (Montero y Vidal,
Hist. de Filipinas, ii, p. 573.) 21, et seq. gen., iii, pp. Some (as in Vindel's Catálogo biblioteca filipina,
no. See
Montero y Vidal, Hist. de Filipinas, iii, pp. 58, 59, and note. But the
day will come when it will grow into a giant, a terrible Colossus. It
will then forget the benefits it has received, and think only of its
own aggrandizement.'" [40] See Mas's remarks in this connection, ante, pp. T. C. Middleton, O.S.A. [43] Vindel says (Catálogo biblioteca filipina, no. In regard to this school, which was founded in 1889, see
VOL. XLV, pp. (Vindel, ut supra, no. XLV of this series.) i. (Le Gentil, Voyage, ii, pp. 53, 54.) 49,
50. A statistical résumé for
1898 (La Política de España en Filipinas, 1898, pp. (Le Gentil, Voyage, ii, p. 104.)--Eds. (Census
of Philippine Islands, iv, p. 141).--Eds. 288 and 289,
respectively). In the long run, the Spanish system cannot
prevail over the American. A. LeRoy.) See VOL. XLVI, p. 95, note.--Eds. See XXVIII,
pp. 342, 343.--Eds. [58] See post, pp. 170, 171, note 119. (Vindel, Catálogo biblioteca filipina, no. [60] See post, p. LIII of this series. Islas Filipinas
(Madrid, 1880). (Washington, 1903). In
vol. ii, pp. [73] See Library of Congress List, etc., pp. 9-11. 269 and 2,003. 253-254;
land measures in use, pp. [81] See also ibid., i, pp. [83] El progreso de Filipinas, pp. 71-87. i, for a summary of the reforms of the '80's and 1893. See Pardo de Tavera's Biblioteca,
no. 2702, under Tiscar. LeRoy.)--Eds. A. LeRoy's Philippine
Life in Town and Country (New York, 1905), chap. 8-13, 79 et
seq. 36-37, 125-131. See La Política de España en Filipinas, v, no. 116,
for an account of progress in this work up to 1895. See his Progreso de Filipinas,
pp. vii, 81-87, 93-94, on this subject; pp. 133-143, miscellaneous taxes; pp. 142-143, local taxes proper. 309-311, and xxii,
pp. Regarding ecclesiastical dues and exactions, the share
of the ecclesiastical establishment in local revenues, etc., see,
besides citations there given, M. H. del Pilar's La soberanía monacal
en Filipinas (Barcelona, 1888, and Manila, 1898). 284,
285. [105] Pardo de Tavera's Biblioteca, no. XLI.--Eds. War Dept., 1903, iii,
pp. ii, for some notes on Spanish relations
with the Igorots. Herein, in various editorial notes in vol. Regarding Retana and Blumentritt,
see also a letter by J. A. LeRoy in the Springfield Republican for
July 7, 1906. The latter (pp. A. LeRoy in the Political Science Quarterly for December, 1903
(also in the same author's Philippine Life, chaps. v and vii). [117] See the Biblioteca, nos. 2,000 and 2,001. [118] Biblioteca, no. Note also no. See
J. A. LeRoy's Philippine Life, pp. 149, 150.--Eds. Cf. See also Pardo de Tavera's Biblioteca,
nos. 15. 99, 100; and Pardo de Tavera's
Biblioteca, nos. 307, 308, 339 and 341 (also 1087). 1,811), are especially in point. 77 of Documentos políticos in
the Archivo, iii, and other documents in that series in vols. iii,
and iv. [139] See Biblioteca, no. 2,665. 35, 46, and 55). A. LeRoy in American Historical Review, xi, pp. [150] Ibid., pp. 64-68, 163-169. Notas
taquigráficas (Madrid, 1899). Agosto
de 1898 (Madrid, 1898). Pp. 440-445. 6092-94, for English
translations with explanatory notes. [160] The document cited by Foreman (2nd ed., pp. 546-547; 3rd ed.,
pp. 140-141), and in Senate Document no. 208, pt. 2,
pp. 2, 3. Phil. [167] See the Memoria, pp. 159-176, on Reforms. [168] See the Memoria, pp. [170] See especially El Liberal, of Madrid. 46, 47). (La Política
de España, viii, p. 44).--Eds. (Danvila, Reinado de Carlos III, iii, pp. [178] This constitution was partly printed at London, at the London
Printing Press, No. 25 Khulug St., in both Spanish and Tagálog. The motto
is the same, and there is also a place for a countersign. The duties
of the members are somewhat changed, the changes being as follows:
"1. 2. 3. 4. Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are the same. On the
monument is the following inscription: "Remember [this word in English,
the rest in Spanish]. Fiscal, Agustin de
la Rosa; arrested. Treasurer, Bonifacio Arevalo; arrested. Numeriano Adriano; first guard
of the respected lodge, Balagtas; shot. Juan Zulueta; member of the respected lodge,
Lusong; died. Doroteo Ongjunco; member of the respected lodge, Lusong;
owner of the house. See Dic. encic. Hisp.-Amer.,
v, p. 823. See
Dic. encic. Hisp.-Amer., v, pp. 1166, 1167. [183] See ante, pp. Sawyer's account (Inhabitants
of the Philippines, pp. [186] i.e., "It is better to die than to federate." It is a protest against
atheism, materialism, and other forms of infidelity. 128-134 and ii, pp. He wrote various books, some of which have
been published. Rev., August,
1901, p. 212. [194] See ante, p. 176. The Vulgate has
the same heading, but regards the subject-matter as a new psalm. i, 12. [200] A reference to Matthew, v, 13-16. The second reference is to 1 Peter, iii,
16. Neither one is an exact quotation, and hence we translate directly. (See VOL. XVII, p. 333.) 494.) [203] Or robbers. 47. 48. (See Schaff's
Creeds of Christendom, ii, pp. 224, 225.) (See Schaff's Creeds of Christendom, ii, pp. 226, 227.) LI, pp. 146, 147, note 103; and ante, pp. 83, 84,
note 33. See Dic. encic. Hisp.-Amer., xiv, pp. 982, 983. II, pp. [213] i.e., "The offscouring;" literally "worthless soul." (Diccionario of the Academy, cited by
Dominguez.) Cf. 1, p. 232). LI) says of this association
(fol. LI, p. 48, note 16. He
returned to France, where he died about 1865. (See Pardo de Tavera, Biblioteca filipina,
pp. LI, p. 71, note 31. It appears that the word petaca comes (as does petate,
"mat") from the Mexican word petlatl, meaning "a mat." (Montero y Vidal, Hist. de Filipinas, iii, p. 87.) [232] See Jagor's chapter (Reisen, pp. 91-95. (Official Handbook, p. 269.) (Vindel, Catálogo, i, pp. 155, 156.) See Montero y
Vidal, Hist. de Filipinas, iii, pp. 260, 261, 317, 318. xxvi, xxxvii).