"To my friend I write a letter, and from him I receive a letter. It is a spiritual gift, worthy of him to give, and of me to
receive." Carlyle
XLI. Carlyle
XLVI. " Vol. II. C. Emerson
CIV. Carlyle
CV. " CVI. " CVII. " CVIII. " CIX. " CXII. " CXVI. " CXLIX. CLXV. " --C.E.N. December 31, 1884
-----------
CONTENTS OF VOLUME I. Boston, 14 May, 1834. Carlyle. Chelsea, 12 August, 1834. III. Emerson. Concord, 20 November, 1834. IV. Carlyle. Chelsea, 3 February, 1835. Austin. Concord, 12 March, 1835. Appreciation of Sartor. --Dr. VI. Emerson. Concord, 30 April, 1835. VII. Carlyle. Chelsea, 13 May, 1835. VIII. Carlyle. Chelsea, 27 June, 1835. IX. Emerson. Concord, 7 October, 1835. Mrs. Concord, 8 April, 1836. XI. Carlyle. Chelsea, 29 April, 1836. XII. Emerson. Concord, 17 September,1836. XIII. Carlyle. Chelsea, 5 November, 1836. XIV. Carlyle. Chelsea, 13 February, 1837. Teufelsdrockh in
America and England.--_Nature._--Miss Martineau on Emerson. XV. Emerson. Concord, 31 March, 1837. --Mrs. Carlyle. Chelsea, 1 June, 1837. XVII. Emerson. Concord, 13 September, 1837. Emerson. Concord, 2 November, 1837. XIX. Carlyle. Chelsea, 8 December, 1837. XX. Emerson. Concord, 9 February, 1838. Emerson. Boston, 12 March, 1838. Carlyle. Chelsea, 16 March, 1838. Emerson. Concord, 10 May, 1838. XXIV. Carlyle. Chelsea, 15 June, 1838. Emerson. Boston, 30 July, 1838. XXVI. Emerson. Concord, 6 August, 1838. Carlyle. Scotsbrig, Ecclefechan, 25 September, 1838. Emerson. Concord, 17 October, 1838. XXIX. Carlyle. Chelsea, 7 November, 1838. XXX. Carlyle. Chelsea, 15 November, 1838. XXXI. Carlyle. Chelsea, 2 December, 1838. Emerson. Concord, 13 January, 1839. Carlyle. Carlyle. Chelsea, 8 February, 1839. Emerson. Concord, 15 March, 1839. XXXV. Emerson. Concord, 19 March, 1839. Carlyle. Chelsea, 13 April, 1839. Carlyle. Chelsea, 17 April, 1839. Emerson. Boston, 20 April, 1839. Emerson. Concord, 25 April, 1839. XL. Emerson. Concord, 28 April, 1839. XLI. Emerson. Concord, 15 May, 1839. XLII. Carlyle. Chelsea, 29 May, 1839. --Messages. Carlyle. Chelsea, 24 June, 1839. XLIV. Emerson. Concord, 4 July, 1839. XLV. Emerson. Concord, 8 August, 1839. XLVI. Carlyle. Scotsbrig, Ecclefechan, 4 September, 1839. Carlyle. Chelsea, 8 December, 1839. Emerson. Concord, 12 December, 1839. XLIX. Carlyle. Chelsea, 6 January, 1840. L. Carlyle. Chelsea, 17 January, 1840. LI. Emerson. New York, 18 March, 1840. LII. Carlyle. Chelsea, 1 April, 1840. LIII. Emerson. Concord, 21 April, 1840. LIV. Emerson. Concord, 30 June, 1840. --_The Dial,_ No. 1. LV. Carlyle. Chelsea, 2 July, 1840. LVI. Emerson. Concord, 30 August, 1840. LVII. Carlyle. Chelsea, 26 September, 1840. 1.--Puseyism.--Dr. Emerson. Concord, 30 October, 1840. --Hopes to print a book of essays. LIX. Carlyle. Chelsea, 9 December, 1840. 2.--Goethe. LX. Carlyle. Chelsea, 21 February, 1841. To Mrs. LXI. Emerson. Concord, 28 February, 1841. LXII. Emerson. Boston, 30 April, 1841. 4. Carlyle. Chelsea, 8 May, 1841. LXIV. Carlyle. Chelsea, 21 May, 1841. Emerson. Concord, 30 May, 1841. LXVI. Carlyle. Chelsea, 25 June, 1841. Emerson. Concord, 31 July, 1841. Carlyle. Newby, Annan, Scotland, 18 August, 1841. LXIX. Emerson. Concord, 30 October, 1841. LXX. Emerson. Concord, 14 November, 1841. LXXI. Carlyle. Chelsea, 19 November, 1841. Carlyle. Chelsea, 6 December, 1841. Emerson. New York, 28 February, 1842. Carlyle. Templand, 28 March, 1842. LXXV. Emerson. Concord, 31 March, 1842. ---------------------
CORRESPONDENCE OF CARLYLE AND EMERSON
At the beginning of his "English Traits," Mr. Emerson, writing of
his visit to England in 1833, when he was thirty years old, says
that it was mainly the attraction of three or four writers, of
whom Carlyle was one, that had led him to Europe. "I found him one of the most simple and frank of men, and became
acquainted with him at once. He talks
finely, seems to love the broad Scotch, and I loved him very much
at once. I am afraid he finds his entire solitude tedious, but I
could not help congratulating him upon his treasure in his wife,
and I hope he will not leave the moors; 't is so much better for
a man of letters to nurse himself in seclusion than to be filed
down to the common level by the compliances and imitations of
city society." London, 1882, p. 58. ------------
Twenty-three years later, in his "English Traits," Emerson once
more describes his visit, and tells of his impressions of
Carlyle. For all that, he still thought man the most
plastic little fellow in the planet, and he liked Nero's death,
_Qualis artifex pereo!_ better than most history. The best thing he knew of that country was, that in
it a man can have meat for his labor. "We talked of books. They burned the stacks, and so
found a way to force the rich people to attend to them.' Each keeps its own round. ---------
I. Emerson to Carlyle
Boston, Massachusetts, 14 May, 1884
My Dear Sir,--There are some purposes we delay long to execute
simply because we have them more at heart than others, and such
an one has been for many weeks, I may say months, my design of
writing you an epistle. If you love such sequences, then admit, as you
will, that no poet is sent into the world before his time; that
all the departed thinkers and actors have paved your way; that
(at least when you surrender yourself) nations and ages do guide
your pen, yes, and common goose-quills as well as your diamond
graver. Says not the sarcasm, "Truth hath
the plague in his house"? ------------
* This year, 1882, seventy thousand copies of a sixpenny edition
of _Sartor Resartus_ have been sold. -------------
I venture to amuse you with this homiletic criticism because it
is the sense of uncritical truth seekers, to whom you are no more
than Hecuba, whose instincts assure them that there is Wisdom in
this grotesque Teutonic apocalyptic strain of yours, but that 't
is hence hindered in its effect. I send herewith a volume of Webster's that you may see
his speech on Foot's Resolutions, a speech which the Americans
have never done praising. I have great doubts whether the book
reaches you, as I know not my agents. --------------
* _Observations on the Growth of the Mind,_ by Sampson Reed,
first published in 1825. ---------------
I need not tell you, my dear sir, what pleasure a letter from you
would give me when you have a few moments to spare to so remote a
friend. If any word in my letter should provoke you to a reply,
I shall rejoice in my sauciness. Rich, London. Your friend,
R. Waldo Emerson
II. I have read in both your books at leisure times, and now nearly
finished the smaller one. "Through the smallest window look
well, and you can look out into the Infinite." The higher such a man
rises, the better pleased I shall be. * Shall I
say then, "In the mouth of two witnesses"? For though Teufelsdrockh exclaims, "Pulpit! ---------
* In his Diary, July 26, 1834, Carlyle writes--"In the midst of
innumerable discouragements, all men indifferent or finding fault,
let me mention two small circumstances that are comfortable. One mortal, then, says I am _not_ utterly wrong. Precious is man to man." ---------------
But now quitting theoretics, let me explain what you long to
know, how it is that I date from London. Censure not; I
came to London for the best of all reasons,--to seek bread and
work. A strange element this, and I as good as
an Alien in it. Much
as I can speak and hear, I am alone, alone. It is
part of my creed that the Only Poetry is History, could we tell
it right. Understand too that your old bed stands in a new
room here, and the old welcome at the door. The like, and even more,
from France. has gone over to
Greece, and become some kind of Manager under King Otho. He was an ardent
follower of Saint-Simon, and an associate of Enfantin. ----------
Continue to love me, you and my other friends; and as packets
sail so swiftly, let me know it frequently. How great a Possibility,
how small a realized Result! III. May I use the word, "I thank my
God whenever I call you to remembrance." ----------
* This letter was printed in the _Athenaeum,_ London, June 24,
1882. ----------
I receive with great pleasure the wonderful Professor now that
first the decent limbs of Osiris are collected. of his Western World, but he remained inexorable
for any new communications. -------------
* The four copies of _Sartor_ which Carlyle had sent were a
"stitched pamphlet," with a title-page bearing the words: "Sartor
Resartus: in Three Books. London, 1834." -------------
I feel like congratulating you upon the cold welcome which you
say Teufelsdrockh* has met. As it is not earthly happy, it is
marked of a high sacred sort. But you know the proverb, "To
be fortunate, be not too wise." Nevertheless, as God maketh the world forevermore, whatever the
devils may seem to do, so the thoughts of the best minds always
become the last opinion of Society. With him I am becoming
better acquainted, but mine must be a qualified admiration. ------------
* Emerson uniformly spells this name "Teufelsdroch." ------------
Then to write luxuriously is not the same thing as to live so,
but a new and worse offence. Since my return home, I have been
left very much at leisure. Yet the best poem of the Poet is his own mind, and
more even than in any of the works I rejoice in the promise of
the workman. Now I am only reading and musing, and when I have
any news to tell of myself, you shall hear them. Now as to the welcome hint that you might come to America, it
shall be to me a joyful hope. Indeed, indeed, you shall have the
continent to yourself were it only as Crusoe was king. for a dialogue face to face. And as you like Sampson Reed,
here are one or two more of his papers. Do read them. Your friend and servant,
R. Waldo Emerson
IV. "Speech"
also, they say, "is cheerfuler than light itself." He is,
in very deed and truth, with God,--_where_ you and I both are. ------------
* Obviously Carlyle's _Specimens of German Romance,_ of which the
fourth volume was devoted to Goethe. ------------
But now as to myself; for you will grumble at a sheet of
speculation sent so far: I am here still, as Rob Roy was on
Glasgow Bridge, _biding tryste;_ busy extremely, with work that
will not profit me at all in some senses; suffering rather in
health and nerves; and still with nothing like dawn on any
quarter of my horizon. I am for three small volumes now,
and have one done. And then, How? I know they are. Men, strong men, I
have seen die of it, or go mad by it. Yours with great sincerity,
T. Carlyle
V. Emerson to Carlyle
Concord, 12 March, 1838
My Dear Sir,--I am glad of the opportunity of Mr. Barnard's*
visit to say health and peace be with you. ---------
* Mr. Henry Barnard, of Hartford, Connecticut, to whom Emerson
had given a note of introduction to Carlyle. ---------
But my errand is yet to tell. If we knew that two or three
hundred would be taken up, we should reprint it now. I am an icicle to them. There I
give him up to their wrath. Nobody is coaxed to admire you, and you have won
friends whom I should be proud to show you, and honorable women
not a few. There is a
part of ethics, or in Schleiermacher's distribution it might be
physics, which possesses all attraction for me; to wit, the
compensations of the Universe, the equality and the coexistence
of action and reaction, that all prayers are granted, that every
debt is paid. I hope, or wish rather. Fail not, I beg of you, to
remember me to Mrs. Carlyle. Hilliard, Gray, & Co. are
the best publishers in Boston. Yours with respect and affection,
R. Waldo Emerson
VI. But, being come, it makes me sad and
glad by turns. -----------
* The memory of Dr. Spurzheim has faded, but his name is still
known to men of science on both sides of the Atlantic as that of
the most ardent and accomplished advocate of the doctrine of
Phrenology. -------------
But the subject, you say, does not yet define itself. They might, perhaps, be repeated at Cambridge, three
miles from Boston, and probably at Philadelphia, thirty-six
hours distant. The
lectures might be fifteen or sixteen in number, of about an hour
each. They might be delivered, one or two in each week. They must be delivered in the winter. In the country, of course, the
expenses are two thirds less. "The man is
certain of success," say those I talk with, "for one winter, but
not afterwards." That supposes no extraordinary merit in the
lectures, and only regards you in your leonine aspect. ----------
*Now the Rev. Dr. Hedge, late Professor of German and of
Ecclesiastical History in Harvard College. ------------
I wish you to know that we do not depend for your _eclat_ on your
being already known to rich men here. You are not. He is a very able young man, even if his letter
should not show it. * He said he could, and would, bring many
persons to hear you, and you should be sure of his utmost aid. Dr. Bradford, a medical man, is of good courage. -----------
* Emerson's estimate of Mr. Ripley was justified as the years
went on. ----------
On the other hand, I make no doubt you shall be sure of some
opposition. If you have any friendly relations to your native
Church, fail not to bring a letter from a Scottish Calvinist to a
Calvinist here, and your fortune is made. I am afraid to
press this matter. Long as it
is, I regret I have not more facts. Now it will go by
that of the 8th, and ought to reach you in thirty days. Yours affectionately,
R. Waldo Emerson
VII. Good
news, good new friends; nothing that is not good comes to me
across these waters. May it prove blessed, this new
arrangement! I may say:
If the New. He shrieks at the idea. May it be sure, may it be speedy! God wot, simply THEREFORE! And so it lies, under
lock and key. ---------
* This allusion to Diana as an obstruction was a favorite one
with Carlyle. ---------
I have dwelt and swum now for about a year in this World-Maelstrom
of London; with much pain, which however has given me many
thoughts, more than a counterbalance for that. I called one day, and
unearthed them. God
bless you, my worthy Friend; you and her who is to be yours! Faithfully always,
T. Carlyle
VIII. My Wife says, whatever I decide on, I cannot thank you
too heartily;--which really is very sound doctrine. Then comes bodily sickness; to act and react, and double the
imbroglio. Would it were come so far,--
if it be ever to come! That beggarly Book, were there nothing else,
hampers me every way. To finish it,
on the other hand, is denied me for the present, or even so much
as to work at it. Nevertheless that too shall clear
itself, and prove a _favor_ of the Upper Powers: _tomorrow_ to
fresh fields and pastures new! We are a singular
people, in a singular condition. We both love
you here, and send you all good prayers. _Vale faveque!_
Yours ever,
T. Carlyle
IX. -----------
* The original of this letter is missing; what is printed here
is from the rough draft. -----------
I received in August your letter of June, and just then hearing
that a lady, a little lady with a mighty heart, Mrs. Child,* whom
I scarcely know but do much respect, was about to visit England
(invited thither for work's sake by the African or Abolition
Society) and that she begged an introduction to you, I used
the occasion to say the godsend was come, and that I would
acknowledge it as soon as three then impending tasks were ended. ------------
* The excellent Mrs. Lydia Maria Child, whose romance of
_Philothea_ was published in this year, 1835. The house is not large, but
convenient and very elastic. ----------
* "A Historical Discourse, delivered before the Citizens of
Concord, 12th September, 1835, on the Second Centennial
Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town. Published by Request. Concord: G.F. Bemis, Printer. 8vo, pp. -----------
I could cry at the disaster that has befallen you in the loss of
the book. -----------
* Mr. A.H. Everett's paper on _Sartor Resartus_ was published in
the _North American Review_ for October, 1835. -----------
I read with interest what you say of the political omens in
England. A man plunges into politics to
make his fortune, and only cares that the world should last his
day. He is our Doctor on all questions of
taste, manners, or action. ------------
* One in August by Mrs. Child, apparently not delivered, and one,
the preceding, in October. -----------
With it goes an American reprint of the _Sartor._ Five hundred
copies only make the edition, at one dollar a copy. Certainly, I
tell them, it is very odd. But in Boston, Lowell,
Salem, courses are given by individuals. If you love them that love you, write me straightway of
your welfare. Yours affectionately,
R. Waldo Emerson
I ought to say that Le-Baron Russell, a worthy young man
who studies Engineering, did cause the republication of
Teufelsdrockh. -----------
XI. One sole thought, That Book! There is but a Third now: one pull more, and then! It leaves one alone, to go
his own road unmolested. I grow daily to honor
Facts more and more, and Theory less and less. I must
altogether hold my peace to this, as I do to much. ----------
* Now the Rev. Dr. Clarke, of Boston. ----------
The _North American Review_ you spoke of never came (I mean that
copy of it with the Note in it); but another copy became rather
public here, to the amusement of some. -------------
* The words supplied here were lost under the seal of the letter. -------------
My friend! Well, if you can_not,_ I will answer. Do not forget me. My love and my Wife's to your good Lady, to your Brother, and all
friends. Adieu, my dear friend! Believe me ever Yours,
Thomas Carlyle
XII. ---------
* Charles Chauncy Emerson,--died May 9, 1836,--whose memory still
survives fresh and beautiful in the hearts of the few who remain
who knew him in life. -----------
We want but two or three friends, but these we cannot do without,
and they serve us in every thought we think. You are the property of all whom you
rejoice in art and soul, and you must not deal with your body as
your own. -----------
* This was _Nature,_ the first clear manifesto of Emerson's
genius. -----------
I wish I could come to you instead of sending this sheet of
paper. I
have many, many things to learn of you. In God we meet. -----------
** Some words appear to be lost here. -----------
I read Goethe, and now lately the posthumous volumes, with a
great interest. Write me of your health, or else come. Yours ever,
R.W. Emerson. XIII. It is a loss,
a sore loss; which God had appointed you. I do not tell you not
to mourn: I mourn with you, and could wish all mourners the
spirit you have in this sorrow. Oh, I know it well! If it be not His will,--then is it not better so? Silence,--since in these days we have no speech! Eye hath not
seen, nor ear heard, in any day. It is
very good, and precious for me. As for my health, be under no apprehension. Few happinesses I
have ever known will equal that, as it seems to me. At
all events, thou seest, I cannot help it. As to the Book, I do say seriously that it is a wild, savage,
ruleless, very bad Book; which even you will not be able to
like; much less any other man. What I am to do, were the thing done, you
see therefore, is most uncertain. And if I were there, be sure the do-nothing arrangement
is the only conceivable one for me. Nevertheless, at bottom, it is not my purpose
to quit London finally till I have as it were _seen it out._ In
the very hugeness of the monstrous City, contradiction cancelling
contradiction, one finds a sort of composure for one's self that
is not to be met with elsewhere perhaps in the world: people
tolerate you, were it only that they have not time to trouble
themselves with you. ---------
I ought to say, however, that about New-year's-day I will send
you an Article on _Mirabeau,_ which they have printed here (for a
thing called the _London Review_), and some kind of Note to
escort it. ---------
* Sir William Molesworth. "In the beginning," he says,
"it did not, as a whole, by any means represent my opinion." I suppose, as
usual, Might and Right will have to make themselves synonymous in
some way. CANST and SHALT, if they are _very_ well understood,
mean the same thing under this Sun of ours. Adieu, my dear
Emerson. Good be with you and Yours. There is an essay by one Schubarth which has reputation; but it
is critical and ethical mainly. Strong
he is, upright, noble, and sweet, and makes good how much of our
human nature. -------------
XIV. We will leave them to the bounty of Time. As it is, we leave the poor orphan to its destiny, all the
more cheerfully. It never came to hand, nor any hint of
it,--except I think once before through you. -----------
* The allusion referred to is the following: "By the kindness of
a Scottish Hamburg merchant, whose name, known to the whole
mercantile world, he must not mention; but whose honorable
courtesy, now and before spontaneously manifested to him, a mere
literary stranger, he cannot soon forget,--the bulky Weissnichtwo
packet, with all its Custom-house seals, foreign hieroglyphs, and
miscellaneous tokens of travel, arrived here in perfect safety,
and free of cost." --_Sartor Resartus,_ Book I. ch. xi. N.L. But be
one, nevertheless; be the first, and there will come a second
and a third. I declare, in History I find nothing more tragical. The Paper is declining fast, and all is yet speculation. In not many
weeks, my hands will be washed of it! The residue is vague
as the wind,--unheeded as the wind. There is a scheme here among Friends
for my Lecturing in a thing they call Royal Institution; but it
will not do there, I think. A thing, you see, which is and can be at bottom but
a daydream! Good be with you always, my dear Friend! XV. For all these gifts and pledges,--thanks. Over the
finished _History,_ joy and evergreen laurels. I solace myself with the noble nature God has
given you, and in you to me, and to all. To be sure, that is its least merit,--that nobody
can do the like,--yet is it a gag to Cerberus. Why, all things; inasmuch as a good
mind creates wants at every stroke. I greet it well. Auspicious Babe, be born! Old England is
to find you out, and then the New will have no charm. For me it
will be the worst; for you, not. I have really never believed that you would do us that
crowning grace of coming hither, yet if God should be kinder to
us than our belief, I meant and mean to hold you fast in my
little meadows on the Musketaquid (now Concord) River, and show
you (as in this country we can anywhere) an America in miniature
in the April or November town meeting. So I leave
you with God, and if any oracle in the great Delphos should say
"Go," why fly to us instantly. A man named Bronson Alcott is great, and one
of the jewels we have to show you. Good bye. --R.W. ----------
XVI. As to its reception here or elsewhere, I anticipate
nothing or little. We will let it go its way. By the by, speaking of dull Publics, I ought to say that I have
seen a review of myself in the _Christian Examiner_ (I think that
is it) of Boston; the author of which, if you know him, I desire
you to thank on my part. For if a dull million is good, then
withal a seeing unit or two is also good. I
have read it for the good Authoress's sake, whom I love much. "God has given a Prophet to every People in its own
speech," say the Arabs. I fancy the general reception will be good, and
even brilliant. ----------
* Mrs Fanny Kemble Butler. ----------
I mean to retreat into Scotland very soon, to repose myself as I
intended. She is gathering strength, but
continues still weak enough. London, or else
the Backwoods of America, or Craigenputtock! We shall see. I am sick of soul
and body, but not incurable; the loving word of a Waldo Emerson
is as balm to me, medicinal now more than ever. May a
blessing be in it, on one and all! On the contrary, it seems
almost certain that I shall. Good be with you. Yours always,
T. Carlyle*
-----------
* Emerson wrote in his Diary, July 27, 1837: "A letter today
from Carlyle rejoiced me. ----------
XVII. You have broken away from all
books, and written a mind. It is a brave experiment, and the
success is great. Finally
we have not--a dull word. One day we will have a better law, or
perhaps you will make our law yours. Yours in love and honor. Curtis, Esq., who professes to be his attorney in Boston,--three
times,--to ask for this account. I
wish he would send me the account, that I may settle it. ---------
* This was Emerson's famous Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa
Society, at Cambridge, August 31, 1837, on "The American
Scholar." --_My Study Windows,_ p. 197
---------
XVIII. Health, Joy, and Peace be
with you! Meantime do you tell me, I
entreat you, what speed it has had at home. The best, I hope,
with the wise and good withal. But I preach in the Lecture-Room
and then it tells, for there is no prescription. It
is the new pulpit, and very much in vogue with my northern
countrymen. This winter, in Boston, we shall have more than
ever: two or three every night of the week. Good, wise, kind
friend, I shall see you one day. Let me hear, when you can
write, that Mrs. Carlyle is well again. I did go to Scotland, for almost three months; leaving my Wife
here with her Mother. Looking into your kind-eyes with my eyes, I could speak: not
here. I love to repeat to myself,
"Silence is of Eternity." There is a man here called John Sterling (_Reverend_ John of the
Church of England too), whom I love better than anybody I have
met with, since a certain sky-messenger alighted to me at
Craigenputtock, and vanished in the Blue again. This Sterling
has written; but what is far better, he has lived, he is alive. This is the small piece of pleasant news, that
two sky-messengers (such they were both of them to me) have met
and recognized each other; and by God's blessing there shall one
day be a trio of us: call you that nothing? Fearful I call
it; and yet it is great, and the greatest. See
Fenimore Cooper;--poor Cooper, he is _down in it;_ and had a
climbing faculty too. Be steady, be quiet, be in no haste; and
God speed you well! My space is done. And so adieu, for this time. Teufelsdrockh to precede. He shall not print a
line; unless he give me money for it, more or less. I have had
enough of printing for one while,--thrown into "magnetic sleep"
by it! Rich, it seems, is in Spain. His representative assured me,
some weeks since, that the Account was now sent. There is an
Article on Sir W. Scott: shocking; invitissima Minerva! 12. XX. Now I am free as a wood-bird, and can take up the pen without
fretting or fear. And then news of a friend, who is also
Carlyle's friend. ; so that T.C. on each copy they sell. I say six months. In short,
it has the success of a book which, as people have not fashioned,
has to fashion the people. It will take some time to win all,
but it wins and will win. But we shall see. If
I waited, the bookseller would have done it himself, and carried
off the profit. I am going to see for myself. You tell me how ill was Mrs.
C., and you do not tell me that she is well again. I love
you always. --R.W. Emerson
XXI. You send me good news, as usual. You have been very brisk and
helpful in this business of the _Revolution_ Book, and I give you
many thanks and commendations. Thank
God, no! ----------
But to go on with business; and the republication of books in
that Transoceanic England, New and improved Edition of England. All
the world cries out, Why _do you_ publish with Fraser? It is sad, most sad. *--As for me, I continue doing as
nearly nothing as I can manage. --------
* This sentence is a variation on one at the beginning of the
article on Scott. While you read this, I shall be in the
agonies! But
that, clearly, will not do. If something, well; if nothing, why
also well. There is a dream to that
effect. Your wife must love me. But Loring
is a good man, and thinks that many desire to see the sources of
Nile. ----------
* Printed in the _Athenaeum,_ July 8, 1882. ----------
The _French Revolution_ continues to find friends and purchasers. It has gone to New Orleans, to Nashville, to Vicksburg. In aid of your friendliest
purpose, I will set down some of the facts. My house is now a very good one for
comfort, and abounding in room. Well, with this income,
here at home, I am a rich man. I have food, warmth, leisure, books,
friends. Go away from home, I am rich no longer. But at
home, I am rich,--rich enough for ten brothers. My wife sends to her this message: "Come, and
I will be to you a sister." Your genius tendeth to the New, to the West. But he must get well. As to Miss Martineau, I know not well what to say. I was ashamed
to read, and am ashamed to remember. Farewell, dear wise man. --R.W. -----------
* The late Mr. Henry S. McKean, a son of Professor McKean, and a
graduate of Harvard College in 1828. -----------
XXIV. I have had two irregular Notes of your writing, or
perhaps three; two dated March, one by Mr. Bancroft's Parcel,--
bringing Twelve _Orations_ withal; then some ten days later,
just in this very time, another Note by Mr. Sumner, whom I have
not yet succeeded in seeing, though I have attempted it, and hope
soon to do it. Many thanks to you, my Friend, and
much good may it do us all! I. p. 81, last paragraph, _for_ September _read_ August;
Vol. II. on both sides of the water, yours as well as mine. But I
calculate you will adjust it well and smoothly between you, some
way or other. _Teufelsdrockh_ is at Press, to be
out very soon; I will send you a correct copy, the only
one in America I fancy. I have a great mind, too, to
run off and see my Mother, by the new railways. Write you always hither, till you hear otherwise. I have read, a second or third time. Good speed to _him._ I had to send my Wife's love: she
is not dangerously ill; but always feeble, and has to _struggle_
to keep erect; the summer always improves her, and this summer
too. Adieu, dear Friend; may Good always be with you and yours. ----------
XXV. That day I was in Boston, and I have
only now got the information necessary to answer it. Of these
five hundred are bound, five hundred remain in sheets. When you see your copy, you will perceive that we have printed
half the matter. To one other gentleman I have brought you in debt,
--Rev. We could not have done without his books, and
he is a noble-hearted man, who rejoices in you. ----------
* This worthy man and lover of good books was, from 1842 till his
death in 1863, Professor in the Divinity School of Harvard
University. ----------
Thanks for the letter: thanks for your friendliest seeking of
friends for the poor _Oration._ Poor little pamphlet, to have
gone so far and so high! And both these are now in
press. So do not forget us: and
if ever the scale-beam trembles, I beseech you, let the love of
me decide for America. I hoped she
was sound and strong ere this, and can only hope still. Yours affectionately,
R.W. ----------
XXVII. We ought to
say, May the Heavens give us thankful hearts! My Wife says she received your American Bill of so many pounds
sterling for the Revolution Book, with a "pathetic feeling" which
brought "tears" to her eyes. may good be ever
with you, my kind Friends all! We will let it rest there,
therefore. All goes
decidedly better, I think. My Wife was and is much healthier
than last year, than in any late year. Sterling is gone to Italy for the winter since I left town;
swift as a flash! I cannot teach him the great art of _sitting
still;_ his fine qualities are really like to waste for want
of that. I read your paragraph to Miss Martineau; she received it, as she
was bound, with a good grace. In truth
there _are_ bores, of the first and of all lower magnitudes. (Perhaps I misremember the names [of the steamers], and
the first should be last.) I have believed that you would
come one day, and do believe it. At this moment I would not have
you here, on any account. Yours affectionately,
R.W. Emerson
The _Miscellanies,_ Vols. I. and II., are a popular book. W.H. My Wife says it is the best plan I have had for years,
and strongly urges it on. They answer always, We must see it
first. They must speak it out who have it,--with what audience there may
be. As to my share in it,
grieve not for half an instant. If it were not
[for] here and there an articulate-speaking man, one would be
all-too lonely. I have much to tell
you, which perhaps is as well not written. But the time shall come, if Heaven will. Why not
you come over, since I cannot? There is a room here, there is
welcome here, and two friends always. I will take, care of your messages to Sterling. Commend me to all
the kind household of Concord: Wife, Mother, and Son. Ever yours,
T. Carlyle
---------
* See _ante,_ p. 184. ----------
_"Forgotten you? "_ O, no indeed! When I wish to see
America it is still you, and those that are yours. And yet perhaps I am not old, only wearied, and
there is a stroke or two of work in me yet. --"Monseigneur," answer they, "il n'y a pas de
quoi!" The wild Ishmael can hunt in _this_
desert too, it would seem. As for Concord and New England, alas! That is the
right way, is it not? She is writing a Novel. It is correctly printed, and that is all. Its fate here (the
fate of the publication, I mean) remains unknown; "unknown
and unimportant." XXXI. If you have printed off nothing yet, I will desire for my own
behoof that Two hundred and _Sixty_ be the number sent; I find I
shall need some ten to give away: if your first sheet is printed
off, let the number stand as it was. R.W.E. To cover all, they charge that enormous price. I leave you to think of this.--And now
enough, enough! I am yet writing nothing; feel forsaken, sad, sick,
--not unhappy. But Life also is beautiful, is great and divine, were it
never to be joyful any more. Horace Walpole is no dunce, not a fibre
of him is duncish. Adieu, my dear Friend. Commend me to the Concord
Household; to the little Boy, to his Grandmother, and Mother,
and Father; we must all meet some day,--or _some no-day_ then
(as it shall please God)! Ever yours,
T. Carlyle
I sent your book, message, and address to Sterling; he is in
Florence or Rome. The fact is,
it was wrong wrapped, that Newspaper. If not, do not mind it at all.--Addio! -------------
* Mr. John S. Dwight, whose volume of _Select Minor Poems from
the German of Goethe and Schiller,_ published in 1839, was
dedicated to Carlyle. Hedge, Dr. Frothingham, and others. ---------
XXXII. Two came on the 2d and 3d of January, and the last on the 9th. I was once very near the man in Rome, but did not
see him. Yours affectionately,
R.W. ---------
XXXIII. But now first as to this question, What I mean? For the
present I have set him to ascertain, and will otherwise ascertain
for myself, what the exact cost of _stereotyping_ the Book were,
in the same letter and style as yours; it is not so much more
than printing, they tell me: I should then have done with it
forever and a day. You on your side, and we on ours, might have
as many copies as were wanted for all time coming. This is, in
these very days, under inquisition; but there are many points to
be settled before the issue. We will consider well, we shall see. If you have not yet got to the
very end with your printing, I will add a few errata; if they
come too late, never mind; they are of small moment.... Nay, there are many in it that have a real friendliness for me. ---------
* The beginning of the London Library, a most useful institution,
from which books may be borrowed. ---------
The thing denounced had not then arrived, though often asked for
at Kennet's; it did not arrive till yesterday, but had lain buried
in bales of I know not what. We have read it only once, and are
not yet at the bottom of it. Speak, therefore, while you feel called to do it;
and when you feel called. If these Orations balk me of this, how
profitable soever they be for others. She has a brisk heart and
a stout, but too weak a frame for this rough life of mine. True men of all creeds, it _would_ seem, are Brothers. You have been very generous, I very promising
and dilatory. ----------
* This letter appeared in the _Athenaeum,_ July 22, 1882. ----------
The _Miscellanies_ go forward too slowly, at about the rate of
seventy-two pages a week, as I understand. We shall send the last two
volumes by a later ship. Your books are read. Home; III. The School; IV. Love;
V. Genius; VI. The Protest; VII. Comedy; IX. Duty; X. Demonology. Very saucy, was it not? And
by Alcibiades too, over whom the wrath of Pericles must pause and
brood ere it falls. I wish, too, you could know my friends here. A man
named Bronson Alcott is a majestic soul, with whom conversation
is possible. --------
* Collins and Walsingham, two characters in _The Onyx Ring,_ are
partly drawn, not very felicitously, from Carlyle and Goethe. ---------
As I hear not yet of your reception of the bill of exchange,
which went by the "Royal William" in January, I enclose the
duplicate. Unless you can keep your own secret better in _Rahel,_
&c., you must not give it me to keep. --R.W. XXXV. They
ask, What shall be done? Well, the best speed to them
also. Farewell. --R.W. Emerson
XXXVI. I will hope and believe that only this is it,
till I hear worse. Nay, properly
it is my Wife's memorial to your Wife. You have brought that upon yourself,
my friend; and must do the best you can with it. After all, why
should not Letters be on business too? Whether five hundred are too many or too few, I can only guess;
if too many, we can retain them here and turn them to account;
if too few, there is no remedy. You see, therefore, how it is. But I am
in small haste for a third. Send me one, the first chance you have. Nevertheless, it seems to
me, otherwise there is. -----------
* "Cruthers and Jonson; or, The Outskirts of Life. A True
Story." ------------
This letter is far too long, but I had not time to make it
shorter.--I got your _French Revolution,_ and have seen no other:
my name is on it in your hand. My
Lectures come on, this day two weeks: O Heaven! In
five weeks I shall be free, and then--! people ask. Lady Bulwer too has
written a Novel, in satire of her Husband. --------
* _Deerbrook_
--------
XXXVIII. I told Brown, of C.C. He is willing to do so, but not today. This is the whole of my present message. I shall
have somewhat presently to reply to your last letter, received
three weeks since. --R.W. Emerson
XXXIX. A very simple thing, is it
not! my friend, I can do no such gay thing as you say. But in God we are all
great, all rich, each entitled to say, All is mine. I hope the
advancing season has restored health to your wife, and, if
benedictions will help her, tell her we send them on every west
wind. --R.W.E. XL. These names amounted to
two hundred, more or less. When we came to settle the account,
this book could not be found. They expressed much regret, and
made much vain searching. On these
grounds they proposed that they should pay half my demand, and so
compromise. They said, however, that, if I insisted, they would
pay the whole. Emerson
XLI. Now for the new matter. I
was in Boston yesterday, and saw Brown, the bookseller. Meantime, give me the best advice you can; and
despatch the books with all speed, and if you send six hundred, I
think, we will sell them. ------------
* In the first edition of this Correspondence a portion of this
letter was printed from a rough draft, such as Emerson was
accustomed to make of his letters to Carlyle. I owe the original
to the kindness of the editor of the _Athenaeum,_ in the pages
of which it was printed. -----------
I went to the _Athenaeum,_ and procured the _Frasers'_ and will
print the _Novelle_ and the _Mahrchen_ at the end of the Fourth
Volume, which has been loitering under one workman for a week or
two past, awaiting this arrival. As
soon as the lectures are over, let the trunks be packed. Come, and make a home with me; and let us make a
truth that is better than dreams. In very sooth and love, my friend, I shall
look for you in August. If aught that we know not must forbid
your wife at present, you will still come. And for
yourself, you shall be as cynical and headstrong and fantastical
as you can be. But now only Good Bye. --R.W. Emerson
XLII. There is a freshness as of brooks and
mountain breezes in him; one says of him: Thou art not great,
but thou art genuine; well speed _thou._ Sterling is home from
Italy, recovered in health, indeed very well could he but _sit
still._ He is for Clifton, near Bristol, for the next three
months. Adieu, dear friend. My Wife salutes you all.--
Yours ever and ever,
T. Carlyle
XLIII. A bad bargain will content me now, my hopes are not at
all high. I will ask
there, and verify, before this Letter go. Of course, the like mistake in the second
case will be avoided. What help, O James? And you will never know that it is _not true,_ till you have
tried. We
all go, servant and all. I _must_ try. There is a
thing of mine in _Fraser_ for July, of no account, about the
"sinking of the _Vengeur_" as you will see. Adieu, my
Friend. My wife
grows better with the hot weather; I, always worse. Yours ever,
T. Carlyle
I say not a word about America or Lecturing at present; because
I mean to consider it intently in Scotland, and there to decide. All is right therefore. N.B. XLIV. The facts are not yet ripe,
though on the turn of the blush. wait but a week, and
we will style thee Megalopsyche, and hang thee by the Argo in the
stars. --------
* Morghen's engraving of Guido's Aurora. They
still said, "We have but one copy, and so but one hand at work"! I. and II. is just complete,
and I have set the man on the account, but doubt if I get it
before twelve or fourteen days. My mother sends tonight, my wife always. Good bye. --R.W. Emerson
XLV. I hope they have not gone to John again, but you must keep an eye
to both names.... I cannot tell you how glad I am that you have seen my brave
Senator, and seen him as I see him. He has his
own sins no doubt, is no saint, is a prodigal. He loves a _man,_
too. I think our Church, so called, must presently vanish. There is a
universal timidity, conformity, and rage; and on the other hand
the most resolute realism in the young. I pine to show you my treasures; and
tell your wife, we have women who deserve to know her. --R.W. XLVI. Do the best with it you can, my friend; and never mind the
result. And yet, as you will say, why not even of
dollars? We shall see by and by. A man that has
discerned somewhat, and knows it for himself, let him speak it
out, and thank Heaven. God
speed you, my Brother! Yours ever,
T. Carlyle
XLVII. But the truth is, I could not write; and now I can and do it! ----------
* "Conversations with Goethe. By S.M. Fuller." Boston, 1839. ----------
Our sojourn in Scotland was stagnant, sad; but tranquil, _well
let alone,_--an indispensable blessing to a poor creature fretted
to fiddle-strings, as I grow to be in this Babylon, take it as I
will. This is the reason why I could not write. Another copy goes off for you, to the
care of Little and Company. By the by, have you not learned to read German now? We shall see. Yes, do!--We
have seen no other Transoceanic that I remember. We wish she were back. This silence, I calculate, forced silence, will do her much good. Silence, silence! Thanks, thanks! We send a thousand
regards to the two little ones, to the two mothers. Brown
had disposed of fifty or sixty copies to the trade, and twelve at
retail. There should be eight
more; subject, "The Present Age." If you communicate with him, tell him I thank him for
his letter, and hold him dear. --R.W. Do you read Landor, or know
him, O seeing man? XLIX. ---------
* The preceding letter had not yet arrived. ---------
Some four sheets making a Pamphlet called _Chartism_ addressed to
you at Concord are, I suppose, snorting along through the waters
this morning, part of the Cargo of the "British Queen." It is very mortifying he had nestled himself
down at Clifton, thinking he might now hope to continue there;
and lo! We shall see
whether it comes out or not; keeping silence till then. ---------
L. Carlyle to Emerson
Chelsea, London, 17 January, 1840
Dear Emerson,--Your Letter of the 12th of December, greatly, to
my satisfaction, has arrived; the struggling Steamship, in spite
of all hurricanes, has brought it safe across the waters to me. That is all
right. As to the _French Revolution,_ I agree with your
Booksellers altogether about it; the American Edition actually
pleases myself better for looking at; nor do I know that
this new English one has much superiority for use: it is
despicably printed, I fear, so far as false spellings and other
slovenlinesses can go. Thanks,
a thousand thanks, for all the trouble you never grudge to take. She
regards you with a certain love, yet a _shuddering_ love. What R.M. Adieu, dear friend. Yours, ever and ever,
T. Carlyle
LI. --------
* This letter appeared in the _Athenaeum,_ for July 22, 1882
--------
I am here on a visit to my brother, who is a lawyer in this city,
and lives at Staten Island, at a distance of half an hour's sail. He solves the problem of life, not for one,
but for all men of sound body. Ellen, they say, has no such depth of orb,
but I believe I love her better than ever I did the boy. I can
see easily that my predictions are coming to pass, and that. If
they fail to do so, come and read lectures which the Yankees will
pay for. I have had one of
their estimates by me a year, waiting to send. Farewell. --R.W.E. LII. Tell me. Thanks, and again thanks. This
earth is not an unmingled ball of Mud, after all. Certainly, I think, a right Book does lie in the
man! Milnes tells me he is sending you a copy and a
Note, by Sumner. Before my paper entirely
vanish, let me put down a word about them. answered the aspiring,
unaspirating. My Wife salutes you all. Yours ever,
T. Carlyle
--------
* There is an account of Heraud by an admirer in the _Dial_ for
October, 1842, p. 241. I returned home on the 3d of April, and found it
waiting. I am ungrateful not to have written to
him, as his letter was very welcome to me. It is intended to begin where the last account I
sent you, viz. We prosper marvelously on paper,
but the realized benefit loiters. But the creature thinks and talks, and I am
glad and proud of my neighbor. So do not fail to tell me of him. Yours always,
R.W. Emerson
LIV. Meantime, I rest your glad debtor for the good book. His speech, I remember, was
below his writing. I addressed my letter to him at "London,"--
no more. They promised it at this time. It will speedily follow this
sheet, if it do not accompany it. Emerson
LV. I did not
urge him, or he would have spoken any day: there is my sin. So he
thinks. That is all. At
times I felt as if I could, in the end, learn to speak. Enough
of this. We salute you and yours, in all
heartiness of brotherhood. Yours ever and always--
T. Carlyle
---------
* Professor Andrews Norton. ---------
LVI. Having no better story to tell, I told nothing. We must all hear you for ourselves. No, not in the near and
practical way in which they seem to invite. I incline to write
philosophy, poetry, possibility,--anything but history. He has brought nothing home
but names, dates, and prefaces. He sent me
his Poems from New York, and then went South, and I know no more
of him. My Mother and Wife send you kind regards and best wishes,--to you
and all your house. --R.W.E. LVII. Seeing my course now for a little, I
must speak. Alas, no! It is truly very weak to speak about that matter so
often and long, that matter of coming to you; and never to come. --Well, hang it,
stay in then; and let people alone of it! This is all the rustication I have had, or
am like to have. Nevertheless, courage! I
grope in the dark vacuity of Baxters, Neales; thankful for here
a glimpse and there a glimpse. The _Dial_ No. I will have all
things condense themselves, take shape and body, if they are to
have my sympathy. Nevertheless go
on with this, my Brothers. A good man, and with good notions,
whom I have noted for some years back. Sterling is busy writing; he is to
make Falmouth do, this winter, and try to dispense with Italy. Adieu, dear Emerson. Good be with
you and yours. "The stars are above us, the graves are under us." Adieu. Please to send the account with the last to your Fraser, and have
it sifted. ---------
* Partner in the firm of J. Munroe & Co.
---------
I received by the "Acadia" a letter from you, which I acknowledge
now, lest I should not answer it more at large on another sheet,
which I think to do. I sent a _Dial,_ No. 2, for you, to Green. Kennet, I
hear, has failed. I am gently mad myself, and am resolved to
live cleanly. -----------
* Preliminary to the experiment of Brook Farm, in 1841. -----------
I am ashamed to tell you, though it seems most due, anything of
my own studies, they seem so desultory, idle, and unproductive. I still hope to print a book of essays this winter, but it cannot
be very large. I had a letter from Sterling, which I will answer. In all love
and good hope for you and yours, your affectionate
--R.W. Emerson
LIX. There is a history. As to the bibliopolic Accounts, my Friend! We shall see. If I print the thing, we shall surely take
in America again; either by stereotype or in some other way. Adieu, dear Emerson: time presses, paper
is done. Commend me to your good wife, your good Mother, and
love me as well as you can. LX. It is very beautiful
of you;--nay, it is not foolish either, it is wise. I honor such
Alchemy, and love it; and have myself done something in that
kind. She writes unweariedly, has many friends visiting her. It is very
beautiful. Beautiful as a child's heart,--and in so shrewd a
head as that. Adieu, dear Mrs. Emerson. We salute you from this house. Yours with great regard,
T. Carlyle
LXI. I entreat
you to set them on the work, and convict his figures if you
can. In a month it will be April, and
be will have a new one to fender. I hoped before this to have reached my last proofsheet, but shall
have two or three more yet. Ward & Co. on the Messrs.
Barings, payable at sight. To what
use, surely? ---------
* "Heroes and Hero-Worship." ---------
I have put into Munroe's box which goes to Green a _Dial_ No. 4
also, which I could heartily wish were a better book. Yours affectionately,
R.W. Emerson
LXIII. _Euge!_ say I, from afar. My blessing on you, good Ralph Waldo! It has rebuked me, it has aroused and comforted me. This is the one fact
for me, which absorbs all others whatsoever. Persist, persist;
you have much to say and to do. I do nothing. Yours ever,
T. Carlyle
LXIV. Thanks, and again thanks. The Books, the _Dial_ No. Enough
of all that. On my paper there comes, or promises to come,
as yet simply nothing at all. Perfectly right. Adieu, dear Emerson; there is not a scrap more of Paper. This new one is based
on that, and if that was incorrect, this must be also. If you have not written, write me exactly and immediately
on this subject, I entreat you. * Mr. When you see him, show him these poems, and ask him
if they have not a grandeur. ---------
* _Essays and Poems,_ by Jones Very,--a little volume, the work
of an exquisite spirit. ---------
When I wrote last, I believe all the sheets of the Six Lectures
had not come to me. I judge only from the tone. We work together day by day in my garden, and I grow
well and strong. Yours,
R.W. Emerson
LXVI. ----------
* The greater part of this interesting Preface is reprinted in
Mr. George Willis Cooke's excellent book on the _Life, Writings,
and Philosophy of Emerson,_ Boston, 1881, p. 109. ----------
Enough, dear Emerson; and more than enough for a day so hurried. Good be with you all always. Adieu,
dear Emerson. One could well leave to others the
record, who was absorbed in the life. Yet as I tell you I am very easy in
my mind, and never dream of suicide. --R.W. ----------
* "The Method of Nature. ----------
LXVIII. Steamers have been known to come, they
say, in nine days. It cannot be said that I feel "happy" here, which means joyful;--
as far as possible from that. Your Letter is not here now, but at Chelsea. There ought to be. Adieu, dear Emerson. I can say no more. Yours ever,
T.C. LXIX. When I was in Boston I saw the booksellers, the children of
Tantalus,--no, but they who trust in them are. What news, my dear friend, from your study? LXX. );
he sacrificed to Despair, and threw away his pencil. For the
present, he buys and sells. If it were
eighty, I could better. Farewell, dear friend. R.W. He was a refugee
from Italy, having escaped, the story was, on board an American
man-of-war. ----------
LXXI. All which is very proper. What, What?" The Dial too, it is all spirit-like, aeriform, aurora-borealis
like. Write you always _as_
it is given you,_ be it in the solid, in the aeriform, or
whatsoever way. --------
* From the Dial for October, 1841. Adieu, dear Emerson! Good speed to you at Boston, and in all
true things. Yours ever,
T. Carlyle
LXXII. Let us receive, use, and be
thankful. Good speed
to the Speaker, to the Speech. 5d. in cash. For they have no claims
on us. A few
weeks ago I accounted myself a very rich man, and now the poorest
of all. Lidian, the poor Lidian, moans at home by day and by
night. You too will grieve for us, afar. ---------
* The memory of this Boy, "born for the future, to the future
lost;" is enshrined in the heart of every lover of childhood and
of poetry by his father's impassioned _Threnody._
-----------
Tell Jane Carlyle our sorrowing story with much love, and with
all good hope for her health and happiness. Yours with love,
R. Waldo Emerson
LXXIV. "Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him." To
her I have no word. May good
Influences watch over her, bring her some assuagement. Think of this, thou
sorrowing Mother! ---------
* "Templand has a very fine situation; old Walter's walk, at the
south end of the house, was one of the most picturesque and
pretty to be found in the world. "Carlyle's Reminiscences," Vol. II. ---------
In some three weeks I shall probably be back at Chelsea. Adieu, my good kind Friend, ever dear to me, dearer now in
sorrow. Farewell, and better days to us. Well, I have come back hither to my
work and my play, but he comes not back, and I must simply suffer
it. If you have heard his name before, forget what you have
heard. ---------
* Mr. Henry Lee. I send herewith a new _Dial,_ No. 8, and the last of this
dispensation. With constant good hope for yourself and for your wife, I am
your friend,
--R.W. Emerson
End of Vol. I. I,
by Thomas Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson